2. THE TUNDRA

3. TUNDRA PLANTS By Haley Bogle

4. What is the reproduction of the plants there?  Plants spread their seeds to reproduce  Soil is permanently frozen ( permafrost )  Needs to thaw out in order to be reproduced

5. What are the types of plants that live in this area and what are they like?  Lichens, mosses: grow close to ground and out of cold wind  Mosses: thick, green, and tightly packed  Lichens: made of 2 organisms( fungus, green algae)

6. What is the growing season here?  Flowers, shrubs grow in Summer  Mosses and lichens grow in Winter due to ground closeness to not be hurt

7. The Effects of the land  Mining and drilling - pollute  Hunters  Construc tion trucks, bulldoze rs - expose permafro st and melts it

8. SO THAT’S THE PLANT LIFE NOW LETS MOVE ON TO ZACH WITH THE WEATHER

9. TUNDRA WEATHER By Zach Longeill

10. What is the climate like in your biome?  Icy and snowy  Cold all year  Near north and south pole

11. What is the range and average precipitation?  No more than a desert  15-25cm  -20 degrees=average  Summer=45 degrees

12. What is the range and average temperature?  Frozen all year  Dry and cold  Frozen soil(permafrost)  Low strong wind  Lowest=60 degrees Fahrenheit

13. What are the water resources in this biome?  Shallow ponds due to non-soak able permafrost  Ocean melts in summer  Ice is turning into water

14. LITTLE TIP: IF YOU EVER GO TO THE TUNDRA I SUGGEST BRINGING A JACKET, LETS MOVE ONTO ZANE WITH THE TUNDRA’S INTERESTING LAND

15. TUNDRA GEOGRAPHY By Zane Mikula

16. Where in the world is this biome? Northern Europe Northern Siberia Northern parts of North America covers 1/5 of Earth’s surface

17. What is the soil like in your biome?  Permafrost( frozen soil)  1,000 feet below Earth’s surface  Low on nutrients

18. What landforms are located in your biome?  Glaciers in mountains  Rocky soil  Treeless bottoms  High mountain peaks at toe

19. What are the different elevations in your biome?

20. What are the important places that are in this biome?  Yenisei River  Wrangel Island  Whale bone River  Wral Mountains  Yomal Peninsula

21. COOL RIGHT?! NOW LETS EXPLORE THE CREATURES OF THE TUNDRA WITH EMMA

22. By Emma Bocciarelli

23. What are the kinds of animals that live in this area? Polar Bears  mammal, consumer, carnivore  Males= 10 feet long, 1000 pounds  Females= half male size  Birth in Winter in caves  Eat whales, walruses, lemmings, arctic foxes, birds and seals  Live 15-20 years  Good sense of smell  Strong legs  Webbed feet  Endangered, 40,000 left

24. Musk Ox  Herbivore, consumer, mammal  400-900 pounds (largest tundra herbivore)  Thick fur  Travel in herds of 10-30  Eat willow shoots, lichens, grasses, shrubs  6-7.5 feet  Male have horns( “boss”)  Mate in late summer, early fall  8 months pregnant  Live 24 years

25. Lichen  Producer, plant  Made of fungi and green algae  Algae gives plant food  Lichen give algae safe home  15, 000 types of lichen  Grow to elephant size  One was found 4,000 years old

26. Mosses and flowers  MOSSES  Producers, plant  Thick, green  Packed mats  Sphagnum moss-colorful  Absorb water from air moisture  FLOWERS  Producers  Growing season- 3 months  Bloom quickly  Poppies, bluebells, fireweed, heather poppies  Purple, yellow red ect.

27. Tundra Swan  Omnivore, consumer, bird  Lives 20 years  8-23 pounds  4-5 feet wingspan  Breed in arctic then migrate to Atlantic, Pacific coastlines, bays, lakes  Fly 3,725 miles  Lay 4 eggs, incubates- 32 days  Sleep afloat  Speedy swimmers  Dip heads in water to pluck up plants, tubers, roots, shellfish  Predators= foxes, jaegers

28. What is an example of a food chain that lives here? Secondary Consumers: Snowy Owls Arctic Fox Primary Consumers: Insects lemmings Primary Producers: Grasses Sedges willows

29. Describe the adaptations that the organisms have to make in order to survive  Hide under snow  Grow thick fur or extra fat layers(blubber)  Migrate or stay and sleep  Use long wings to catch prey  Wrap fuzzy tail around body  Long claws

30. Describe any symbiotic relationships that may occur in this biome: mutualism  Lichens= made of fungus and green algae  Algae gives sugars that fungus eats  Fungus provides protection by retaining water and obtaining minerals

31. Parasitism  Liver tapeworm cysts  Grow in animals( moose, caribou)  Feed on food eaten by animal  Then gives malnutrition to animal( host)

32. Commensalism  Caribou feed on lichens during coldness  Arctic Fox follows  Caribou digs for mammals  When done, fox digs deeper for more  Caribou= unaffected, fox= gets food with caribous hunting help

33. Zach Longeill Haley Bogle Zane Mikula Emma Bocciarelli