1. Age of Exploration & Isolation

2. God, Glory, & Gold
Europeans had not been isolated from the rest of world before 1400s
1110 European Crusaders battled Muslims for Holy Lands in SW Asia
1275 Marco Polo reached court of Kublai China
Before 1400s Europeans had not desire or capability to explore foreign lands
Desire to grow rich & spread Christianity, combined with new sailing technologies spurred age of European exploration

3. Europeans seek new trade routes
GOLD #1 reason- to seek new sources of wealth was main reason for exploration
By sailing, Europeans hoped to find new/faster sea routes to Asia
GLORY
Goals were to
Win access to these lands (BY SEA)
Bypass the Muslims & Italians who currently controlled trade
European monarchs got tired of paying Italians high prices for Asian goods
Spices (nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, pepper) Luxury goods
Merchants could take these back to Europe and make huge profits re-selling them
GOD- Spread of Christianity
Motivation for Europeans to explore
Crusades left Europeans feeling they had a sacred duty to fight the Muslims but to also convert non-Christians in Asia mostly

5. New Technologies Caravel- new ship
Long voyages were impossible because European ships could not sail against the wind
Caravel- new ship
Stronger built than older ships
Triangular shaped sails allowed better navigation & ability to sail against the wind (Arab invention)
Astrolabe- used to determine sea
used to calculate latitude (determined location North/South)
Magnetic Compass
More accurately calculated direction
Invented by Chinese

6. Portugal Leads the Way Leaders in applying new technologies
Strong support to explore by government
Prince Henry- Kings Son
Conquered Muslim city of Ceuta- captured spices/jewels
1st country to establish trading posts along west coast of Africa
Eventually pushed farther into the Indian Ocean

7. Exploring Africa Prince Henry
went to Africa in 1415
Discovered wealth beyond Europe- (pepper, cinnamon, spices, gold/silver, & jewels)
Determined to reach the source of these treasures in the east (Asia)
Also wanted to spread Christianity
1419- Founded navigation school on Portugal’s SW coast
Mapmakers, instrument makers, ship builders, scientists, & captains came to perfect their trade
Within years the Portuguese had established many trading posts along the west coast of Africa
Trading for gold, jewels, & spices
Traded for Africa captives to be used as SLAVES
Started attempting a voyage to Asia

8. Portuguese Reach Asia
To reach Africa they believed they had to sail around tip of Africa
Bartolomeu Dias
1488 ventured down the west coast until they reached the tip
Storm battered them for days and pushed them to East coast
His crew was exhausted an low on supplies so he turned around and headed home
Vasco da Gama
1497 began exploring Africa’s east coast
1498 reached port of Calicut in India
Amazed by the spices, silks, and gems they found
Filled their ship with 60 times what the voyage cost and headed back to Portugal
His 27,000 mile trip established a direct sea route to Asia

9. Spain Gets Involved
Spanish monarchs began to desire a direct route to Asia
Christopher Columbus- 1492
Convinced monarchs that he could find a route to Asia by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean
October- he reached the Caribbean Islands (Bahamas)
He thought he had reached the East Indies
Opened door for colonization of Americas
Increased tensions between Spain & Portugal
Portuguese believed Columbus had reached Asia
Pope Alexander 6th
Stepped in to keep the peace
Suggested an imaginary dividing line North/South through the Atlantic Ocean
Lands West were Spanish- most of the Americas
Lands East were Portuguese- Asia/Africa

11. Treaty of Tordesillas
Portuguese argued that Spain was given too much territory
Lined moved farther west for Portuguese
Gives them Brazil
Portugal signs Treaty of Tordesillas
Started era of exploration & colonization

12. Trading Empires Clash
European nations scrambled to established trading posts along South/SE Asia
Battled each other and region’s inhabitants
Portugal
1509 defeated Muslim fleet off coast of India
Became masters of Indian trade
Captured islands of Moluccas- Spice Islands
Spices now cost Portuguese now cost 1/5 of what they used to cost
Spain-1521
Ferdinand Magellan arrived in Philippines
Settled them in 1565
Died during Civil war in Philippines crew made it home
First person to circumnavigate the world***

13. Nations Challenge Portugal
Netherlands- Dutch
Worlds largest fleet
20,000 ships
Battled mostly the English for control of lands in Asia
Dutch East India Company
Mint money
Make treaties
Raise armies
Richer/more powerful than English
Eventually drove English and established dominace over region

14. Dutch Dominance Seized the spice Islands
Increased control over Indian Ocean
Amsterdam- Netherlands capital
Became leading commercial center
Established trading outposts in several Asian countries
Controlled Cape of Good Hope
Southern tip of Africa

15. England/France Started establishing trading posts
Started East India Company
Never showed much profit
Limited influence in this region other than India
European traders began to seek new riches in China and Japan

16. Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions How did Ferdinand Magellan die? Lost @ Sea
Killed in Philippines during civil war
Heart attack
Starved to death

17. Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions
What Dutch city became the trading capitol of the world due to exploration?
London
Amsterdam
Rotterdam
Luxemburg

18. Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions
Which European country dominated Indian trade and controlled the Cape of Good Hope in Africa?
Spain
Portugal
Netherlands
Chinese

19. Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions
Which Asian country was influenced by England and France during the 1400s Age of Exploration?
Africa
Philippines
Australia
India