1. The West Between the Wars
Chapter 17

3. Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security
The Treaty of Versailles created new boundaries, states & occupied territories; however many were unhappy.
The League of Nations was weak.
France demanded reparations from Germany; when unable to pay, France occupied the Ruhr Valley.

5. The Dawes Plan: Reduced reparations
Coordinated Germany’s payments with ability to pay
Granted a $200 million loan (Am. Investment)

6. Treaty of Locarno Kellogg-Briand Pact
Guaranteed Germany’s borders with France and Belgium
Germany joins League of Nations (1926)
Kellogg-Briand Pact
63 Nations
“renounce war”
No reinforcement

7. Causes of the Great Depression
# 3 in the Section Review
Great Depression

8. The Great Depression Causes: Responses:
Slump in the economies of many nations
International financial crisis
U.S. Stock Market Crash
Responses:
Unemployed and homeless filled the streets.
Govt. interference in the economy
Renewed interest in Marxist doctrines

10. Answer for each country (include vocab)
Worksheet questions
Answer for each country (include vocab)
How did the Great Depression affect the country?
What did the government do in order to help boost the economy?
What effect did these have on the country? Were the changes a success? How so?

11. Germany
Germany experienced major inflation which caused serious social problems.
A German democratic state was created known as the Weimar Republic.
The country was not able to pull themselves out of the Great Depression for a long time. The Germans were severely affected by unemployment during the depression and caused the rise of extremist parties.

12. Great Britain
Declines in the production industries led to a rise of unemployment.
The Labour Party failed to solve the economic problems.
Fell from power in 1931
A new Conservative led Gov. brought Britain out of the worst stages of the Depression by using traditional policies of balanced budgets and protective tariffs.
Keynes- advocated deficit spending (going into debt).

13. France France had a balanced economy
Leftist parties formed the Popular Front government.
Created the French New Deal which gave workers the right to collective bargaining – the right of unions to negotiate with employers over wages and hours
France pulled out of the depression rather quickly due to a more balanced economy and the French New Deal

14. United States The U.S. production industry fell by half
Roosevelt wanted a policy of active government intervention in the economy, that was called The New Deal.
The New Deal created the U.S. welfare and social security system, including pensions and unemployment insurance.
Although the New Deal didn’t solve the unemployment problem, eventually WW II would because of the need for weapons and supplies.

15. Section 2
Rise of Dictators

16. The Political Spectrum

17. Wanted to conquer the minds and hearts of their subjects
Rise of Dictators
Totalitarian state – a government that aims to control political, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of citizens.
Wanted to conquer the minds and hearts of their subjects
Propaganda
Modern communication

18. Fascist Beliefs & Policies
Fascism - a political movement that stresses extreme loyalty to the state and its leader.
Support for Fascists comes from aristocrats, industrialists, veterans, and the lower middle class.

19. Fascism similarities to Communism
Ruled by dictator & one party system
Both denied individual rights
State is supreme
Difference is that Fascists didn’t want a classless society.

20. Methods used by Mussolini
Strict laws against those criticizing the regime
Secret police, OVRA, had unrestricted authority
Outlawed all other political parties
Controlled mass media
Promoted the main ideals of Fascism through organizations
Made a deal with the Catholic Church to gain support

21. Family is the pillar of the state Catholic Church state religion
Mussolini in Power
The perfect Italian – fit, disciplined, war loving, held traditional values.
Family is the pillar of the state
Catholic Church state religion
Still unable to truly control every aspect
Large gap between ideals and practices

22. A New Era in the Soviet Union
Lenin abandoned war communism in favor of his New Economic Policy (NEP).
allowed private ownership of small businesses
Sell produce openly
Heavy industry and banking gov. run
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Lenin dies 1924 – no successor named

23. Politburo – the Communist Party’s main policy making body.
Leon Trotsky
Joseph Stalin
Commissar of War
Called for rapid industrialization
Spread communism abroad ( world-wide revolution
Party general secretary
Appointed officials (received their support)
Remove Bolsheviks from power
end NEP

24. Stalin shifts from the NEP with his Five-Year Plans.
Economic Costs
Stalin shifts from the NEP with his Five-Year Plans.
Transform the USSR into an industrial country
Maximum production of military equipment and capital goods

25. Social Costs not much money spent on housing
creation of slums
Private farms were eliminated under collectivization – a system in which private farms were eliminated and the government owned all of the land peasants worked on.
Strict laws limited movements

26. Strengthened hold over party.
Political Costs
Strengthened hold over party.
Those who resisted were sent to labor camps in Siberia.
Old Bolsheviks removed or put to death
Promoted women’s rights
Divorce easier
Women work

27. Stalin
Mussolini

28. Eastern Europe fall to Dictators
In Hungary & Poland, the new democratic governments formed after WWI fall to dictators.
By 1935, Czechoslovakia is the only democracy in eastern Europe.
they see authoritarian rule as the only way to prevent instability.

29. Civil war in Spain leads to a Fascist dictatorship.
Francisco Franco — a young general who rose quickly as dictator of Spain.
Supported by Italy & Germany
The Soviet Union supported the Republican government
Authoritarian more than totalitarian

30. The ancient Basque village of Guernica was destroyed on April 26, 1937 by a German air force more interested in practicing than in any military aims.

31. Wave after wave of planes dropped heavy bombs as well as incendiary devices on the defenseless town. Fighter pilots strafed civilians attempting to escape.

32. Hundreds of Guernica citizens lost their lives during the raid
Hundreds of Guernica citizens lost their lives during the raid. Up to one-third of the town's 5,000 residents were killed.

33. T H E N
This image shows the center of Guernica shortly after the raid. Some three-quarters of all buildings in the town were damaged with the center almost completely destroyed.

34. N OW

36. Guernica by Pablo Picasso

37. Rise of Hitler and Nazi party
Section 3
Rise of Hitler and Nazi party

40. Hitler wanted to create another Roman Empire
Hitler’s Germany
Hitler wanted to create another Roman Empire
Create an Aryan race that would dominate Europe
Third Reich
Holy Roman Empire
Germany empire after unification

41. Use variety to maintain a totalitarian state
Hitler’s Germany
Use variety to maintain a totalitarian state
Schutzstaffeln (SS) – police force used to maintain order
Directed by Heinrich Himmler
2 principles – terror and ideology
Chief goal was to further the Aryan race.

42. Economic policies propaganda Women’s roles
Put people back to work to reduce unemployment
propaganda
press, radio, literature, painting and film
Rallies (Nuremberg)
Youth programs
Women’s roles
Traditional role of wife and mother of the Aryan race
Jobs reflected Nazi ideals for women

43. Anti-Semitic Policies1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

45. Kristallnacht “night of broken glass”, November 9, 1938
Destruction against Jewish synagogues, businesses, and people
clean up everything from Kristallnacht
Many encouraged to leave the country

46. Kristallnacht