1. Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand
Cerebral Cortex
Medical Neuroscience
Dr. Wiegand

2. Human cortical expansion not strictly due
Comparative Anatomy
cat
rat
human
Human cortical expansion not strictly due
to enlarged motor or primary sensory areas

3. Longitudinal fissure
Gyri &
sulci
Lateral or
Sylvian
fissure

4. Landmarks Central sulcus Precentral & postcentral gyri Parieto-
occipital
sulcus
Lateral or
Sylvian
fissure
Preoccipital notch

5. Lobes poles Frontal lobe Parietal lobe operculum Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

6. Medial Surface Central sulcus Parieto- occipital sulcus Frontal lobe
Parietal
lobe
Occipital

7. Parietal Lobe
Post central gyrus
Supramarginal and angular gyri
Superior parietal lobule
Frontal lobe
Sup./mid./inf. gyri
Precentral gyrus/sulcus
Pars orpercularis, triangularis, orbitalis
Temporal Lobe
Sup./mid./inf. gyri
Transverse gyri

8. Corpus callosum
Callosal sulcus
Cingulate gyrus/sulcus
Anterior commissure
Superior frontal gyrus
Paracentral lobule
Precuneus
Cuneus
Calcarine sulcus
Lingual gyrus
Fornix
Septum pellucidum

9. Gyrus rectus
Olfactory sulcus/tract/bulb
Olfactory stria
Orbital gyri
Occipitotemporal gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus & uncus
Collateral & rhinal sulci
Ant./post. perforated substance

10. Deep Telencephalic Nuclei
claustrum

11. Gray Matter of the Cerebral Cortex
Hippocampal formation = hippocampus + dentate gyrus
Archicortex – 3 layers (hippocampus)
Neocortex – 6 cellular layers

13. Neocortex Neocortex – 6 cellular layers
Molecular layer – mostly neuropil
External granular layer – stellate cells
External pyramidal layer – small pyramidal cells
Internal granular layer – stellate cells
Internal pyramidal layer – large pyramidal cells
Multiform layer – multiple cell types

14. sensory association motor I II III IV V VI Association & Commissural
Thalamocortical
afferents
Corticothalmic
efferents
Association &
Commissural
Corticofugal

15. Brodmann Areas Area 4 = primary motor cortex Areas 3, 1,2 = primary
somatosensory cortex
Brodmann Areas
Areas 41, 42 = primary
auditory cortex
Area 17 = primary visual cortex

16. White Matter
intracortical
intercortical
projection fibers

17. Commissural Fibers Anterior Commissure Posterior Commissure
Inf. & mid. temporal gyri, olfactory areas
Posterior Commissure
Preoptic nuclei (vision)
Habenular Commissure
Habenular nuclei (olfaction)
Corpus Callosum
Connects hemispheres
Rostrum, genu, body & splenium

18. Commissural Fibers Anterior Commissure Posterior Commissure
Inf. & mid. temporal gyri, olfactory areas
Posterior Commissure
Preoptic nuclei (vision)
Habenular Commissure
Habenular nuclei (olfaction)
Corpus Callosum
Connects hemispheres
Rostrum, genu, body & splenium

19. Association Fibers Short fibers – connect adjacent gyri Long fibers
Superior longitudinal fasc.
Arcuate fasciculus
Inferior longitudinal fasc.
Cingulum – septal area, cingulate and parahippocampal gyri
Uncinate fasc. – orbital frontal gyri to temporal pole

20. Projection Fibers

21. Internal Capsule Organization
lateral
medial

22. Cortical Functional Organization
Precentral gyrus
Similar organization
in visual, auditory and somatosensory
cortices