1. Technology Evangelist, Connected Devices
Why the Internet Future Scares Me and How Scalability is the Only Survivor
Vinod Chandramouli
Technology Evangelist, Connected Devices

2. We are the leading provider of cloud services for delivering, optimizing and securing online content and business applications.
CORPORATE STATS:
A fast, reliable, secure Internet is the infrastructure for business and entertainment in today’s faster forward world. That’s what Akamai delivers. Akamai helps enable the best online experiences – those that change the way people work, engage as consumers and seek entertainment.
$1.6B
Revenue
5,000
Employees
5,000
Customers
2,000
Locations
OUR HISTORY: Founded 1998 and rooted in MIT technology—solving Internet congestion with math not hardware.
©2014 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM

3. The Akamai Intelligent Platform™
The Akamai Intelligent Platform is a leading cloud platform for delivering secure, high-performing user experiences to any device. It manages the underlying complexities of the Internet and conducting business in the cloud. The platform is made up of a distributed network of servers and intelligent software, delivering over two trillion interactions daily. No one delivers more web traffic than Akamai, and 90% of Internet users are only a single network hop away. The Akamai Intelligent Platform is constantly monitoring web conditions to:
Identify, absorb, and block security threats.
Provide instant device-level detection and optimization.
Make decisions based on comprehensive knowledge of network conditions.
Present unprecedented business and technical insights.
Delivering 15-30% of all daily web traffic
> 2 trillion interactions daily
Defending against attacks over 200Gbps
Enabling >$250 billion in annual e-commerce
A single network hop from 90% of internet users
A distributed cloud platform that manages the underlying complexities of the Internet–
• Device and format proliferation
• Application and network security
• Performance and reliability issues
Delivers over 2 trillion Internet transactions daily
A single hop away from 90% of Internet users
©2014 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
©2014 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM

4. Today, the biggest brands in the world and most innovative companies trust Akamai to transform the cloud from a chaotic place with unpredictable performance and scale into a secure, reliable and cost-effective environment to do business.
1. List compiled by Fortune Magazine

5. QUALITY EXPECTATIONS ARE ON THE RISE
18,000+ distinct Android devices — 58% more than last year
80% of all IP traffic will
be video by 2018
Abandonment begins 2 seconds after start-up time
QUALITY EXPECTATIONS ARE ON THE RISE

6. What a Difference a Few Years Makes…
63% CAGR
Winter Olympics
FIFA World Cup 12 81 29
222
PETABYTES IN 2010
PETABYTES IN 2014
PETABYTES IN 2010
PETABYTES IN 2014

7. 81% CAGR! 7,000x Growing Viewership 1Gbps World Cup 7 Tbps 1999 2002
1999 Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show
- Most famous event that no one saw
- 1.5M visitors driven from the Superbowl.
- Flash crowd, Small fraction of viewers saw it.
- Expedition left without a tent 4G
LTE
1Gbps
21.0 Gbps
<1 Gbps
15.9 Gbps
1999
2002
2004
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014+

8. The ultimate in video quality over IP at scale
GRAND CHALLENGE FOR MEDIA
The ultimate in video quality over IP at scale

9. Quality Is Increasing

10. Traffic Growth on Akamai’s Platform
>26 Tbps
12,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
10,000 30
>60% CAGR 20
Peak Tbps 10
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014

11. Delivering Quality at Scale
2013 peak will be 2014 norm
>26 Tbps
2012 peak becomes 2013 norm
20 Tbps
2011 peak becomes 2012 norm
10 Tbps
1 Year

12. Traffic Growth on Akamai’s Platform
~2020
Traffic Growth on Akamai’s Platform
>26 Tbps
FUTURE DEMAND
12,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
10,000 30
2.5B Primetime Viewers
>60% CAGR 20
x 10 Mbps
Peak Tbps
~25,000 Tbps 10
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014

13. WILL VIDEO BREAK THE INTERNET?

14. The Scalability Challenge

15. The Last Mile Has Enormous Capacity
400M Lines
X 25 Mbps
10,000 Tbps

16. The Problem is at the Core
Cloud Data Centers
100 Major Networks
X 5 Tbps
500 Tbps

17. The Problem is at the Core
Cloud Data Centers
2% of what we need!
500 Tbps =
25,000 Tbps

18. Akamai’s Edge Strategy Today: Inside Over 1,200 Networks
Akamai Servers

19. THE FUTURE: Further Extending the Akamai Edge: Moving Into Homes

20. Delivery Innovation: Next Generation Networks
Akamai’s Innovation Initiative to Address
Online Video’s Grand Challenge
Akamai Media Client
Core Services
API
Cache
Hybrid
HTTP/UDP
Acceleration
Predictive Video Over Cellular
IP Relay

21. The Technical Challenge: Poor Network Conditions
Network conditions begin to deteriorate when
Packet loss is > 1%
Latency is > 150ms
Factors that contribute to poor network conditions include:
Home network routers
Geographically remote users
Cellular connections
From a technical standpoint delivering high quality video over IP is challenging because it is heavily dependent upon network conditions which are often sporadic depending upon where you are. For our customers—major broadcasters and media companies—they have end users all over the world so its very complicated to ensure a consistent high quality video experience globally for them.
All customers can benefit from the technology. But it will impact end-users differently depending on the end-user network conditions.
Here are various countries that represent what percentage of users is going to benefit from the us
us technology.

22. Packet Loss Breakdown By Country. Edge To End User
Packet Loss Breakdown By Country* Edge To End User * Loss Modeled On Measured Retransmission Rate Reduced By 1/3
Percentage of users experiencing > 0.67% packet loss
47.7%
46.4%
55.5%
47.8%
50.2%
78.3%
40.5%
59.2%
80.6%
63.1%
75.7%
52.5%
Largest Improvements

23. Hybrid UDP Protocol Application HTTP Astraeus Hybrid HTTP + UDP TCP
Internet Protocol (IP)
TCP
Astraeus Hybrid HTTP + UDP
HTTP
Application
Hybrid HTTP/UDP protocol.
Helps overcome TCP inefficiencies
Reduces Video Latency and Buffer Time.
Improves download and start up times
Works for content delivered over the Akamai platform
Built-in Multicast support
HTTP proxy style interface

24. Astraeus Workflow
Request flow showing HTTP (on the left) and Astraeus (on the right).

25. Integration Options Connected Device Stack App App
App layer integration.
Astraeus SDK
Application Framework
Astraeus can be implemented in two ways:
At the application level where the specific application can use Astraeus.
At the service layer where _any_ application can take advantage of Astraeus protocol.
Services / Libraries
Astraeus SDK
Service layer integration.
Standard HTTP OS

26. — DEMO —

27. Predictive Video Over Cellular

28. Video over Cellular. No one is happy.
Want better and more consistent experience
Are constrained by data caps
Mobile Subscribers
Mobile Operators
Look to improve monetization
Expecting better QoE
Hurt by data caps
Cannot negotiate with each carrier
Content Providers
Cannot control content flow or demand
Cannot work with each content provider
Look to better utilize their network
Need to reduce cost of delivery

29. Mobile Network Utilization
Cellular
5 minutes window
Cellular networks are about 50% utilized during peak times
Surplus capacity can be utilized through controlled demand and represents a significant monetization opportunity

30. Zero cost capacity opportunity
Solution Concept
Zero cost capacity opportunity … ..
50% unutilized cellular capacity
+25 GB available device storage
Carriers want to be creative when selling the next GB
The opportunity we would like to discuss today is based on three facts:
Mobile networks are under utilized. We are talking about 50% utilization level even during peak hours
Large unused device storage (90% on average)
Carries that have to sell the next GB
Combine the three and you are looking at a significant revenue opportunity and not a bad way to start our mobile business. We believe that tapping into a solution that enables to unlock surplus capacity and predictively download content to the user handset can be a very profitable business with mobile network operators and serve as a good platform to improve our existing business (media and web customers as well as Bigsky)
Better mobile experience significantly changes usage patterns and affect ad revenue

31. High level architecture
Content Download Prediction
Cellular
Wi-Fi
Content Download Prediction
Network Load Prediction
Network Load Prediction
Storage & Battery Management
ANDSF Server
Media Player
ANDSF Client
Core Functionality:
Cellular network load prediction
Content download prediction
ANDSF
Media Player
Billing integration (Zero rating)

32. — DEMO —

33. Akamai’s IP Relay TURN Service

34. Peer-to-Peer is Predicted to Explode
HTML5 & WebRTC has standardized peer-to-peer communications
WebRTC enabled devices is growing
A TURN solution will be required to transverse firewalls between these WebRTC connections
APPLICATIONS
Real-time Communications
CHATTING
New WebRTC standards are creating the ability to move many client/server communications to peer-to-peer. It is expected the WebRTC will be enabled in nearly every device and browser which will allow for a ubiquitous peer-to-peer connectivity option. A TURN service will be required to transverse the firewalls between these connections.
GAMING
SALES & SUPPORT
CONFERENCING
Source: Google, Disruptive Analysis, & ABI Research

35. TURN Inefficiencies
Problem: Peer-to-peer connections are complicated by NAT devices (address- and address-port mapping). If both peers behind a NAT, they may not be able to talk directly.
Problem: TURN service can significantly impact performance when either of the end-points are far away from the centralized TURN server.
Problem: Geographically dispersed clients can have performance issues even when connecting directly due to long latency and packet loss.
Solution: Akamai's IP Relay service provides an improved, fully distributed TURN-like service
Global deployment, fault-tolerant technology
Akamai's famed network knowledge
SureRoute™ technology to find better routes than the Internet
Improve Performance: UDP encoding over the long "middle mile”
TURN Server
Client B
Firewall B
Client A
Firewall A

36. Akamai IP Relay Service
Problem: Peer-to-peer connections are complicated by NAT devices (address- and address-port mapping). If both peers behind a NAT, they may not be able to talk directly.
Problem: TURN service can significantly impact performance when either of the end-points are far away from the centralized TURN server.
Problem: Geographically dispersed clients can have performance issues even when connecting directly due to long latency and packet loss.
Solution: Akamai's IP Relay service provides an improved, fully distributed TURN-like service
Global deployment, fault-tolerant technology
Akamai's famed network knowledge
SureRoute™ technology to find better routes than the Internet
Improve Performance: UDP encoding over the long "middle mile”
TURN Server A
TURN Server B
Client B
Firewall B
Client A
Firewall A

37. How does the IP Relay service work?
Customer
Directory Service
Client A
Firewall A
EDGE A
Client B
Firewall B
Clients : Each Client is engaging in peer-to-peer communication. The clients will typically have a private IP address that is not publicly routable. Akamai serves as a globally distributed TURN service
Directory service: A customer owned and operated directory service that functions as a backend communication path for exchange of information required for connection establishment.
Clients Connect To Akamai Edge: Akamai determines the ideal Edge server for each client, providing the best connection into the Akamai Network
Akamai Optimizes traffic between Edges: The IPA network optimizes the connection by reducing latency and improving throughput, providing both clients a better experience
EDGE B

38. Relative Call Distances by Country/Geography
Long Haul
Distance Key (miles)
29% of all video calls are estimated to be “Long Haul” (3000+ miles apart) where latency and packet loss can be significantly higher
Long Haul
Call Volume (millions)
Long Haul
Long Haul
Long Haul
United States
Europe
Asia
United Kingdom
China
Country/Geography

39. Measuring IP Relay Quality

40. Akamai Agent based Quality Testing Framework
SEL S F O
Test Agent
Data
Collector
Call 2
Test Agent
Data
Collector
Internet
Call 1
HKG
LON
- Internet Connection
Test Agent
Test Agent
- “Akamaized” Relay Connection

41. Akamai Agent based Test Background
Test Agents conduct IP Relay video calls in 15 cities across 10 countries worldwide
1,152 video calls between test agents per day city to city through IP Relay
Latency & packet loss captured across actual customer calls & public Internet
Test Agent Locations:
Netanya, IL Paris, FR Seoul, KR Hong Kong, CN Dallas, US
Seattle, US San Mateo, US Los Angeles, US Beijing, CN Tokyo, JP
Krakow, PL Cambridge, US Munich, DE New York, US London, UK

42. Packet Loss

43. Why Packet Loss Matters
Effects of Packet Loss on H.264 video codec
0% Packet Loss
5% Packet Loss
Effects of Packet Loss
Video: “Blocky” video and a frozen or jerky end user experience.
Audio: Stutter or intermittent speech.
Experience: Lower resolution video
Add skype video stats

44. Akamai IP Relay Reduces Packet Loss on Long Haul Calls
Best
<-Case ->
< --Acceptable -- >
Unacceptable -->
Packet loss on “long haul” calls reduced to sub-1%
Packet Loss metrics shown are end to end, including last mile call segments beyond the IP relay.
Many test calls are nearly devoid of packet loss.
Key
Internet Loss
Akamaized

45. Latency

46. Akamai Improves Latency on Long Haul Calls by up to 35%
Increased latency resulting in callers frequently talking over one another reduced effectiveness compared to audio calls
Gold Standard
Acceptable
Unacceptable
150 ms
300 ms
For intrinsically high latency connections, unless packet loss is tightly constrained, it becomes practically impossible to maintain a high quality video call.
Key

47. Akamai Improves Latency on Long Haul Calls by up to 35%
Increased latency resulting in callers frequently talking over one another reduced effectiveness compared to audio calls
Latency (ms)
<--- Acceptable
Unacceptable --->
Many long haul video calls experience unacceptable latency over Public Internet
Latency metrics shown are end to end, including last mile call segments beyond the IP relay.
Key
Akamai brings many of these video calls into the “acceptable” quality range
Internet Latency
Akamaized

48. — THANK YOU —
Our mission: Is to make the internet business-ready. A fast, reliable, secure Internet is the infrastructure for business and entertainment in the faster forward world. That’s what Akamai delivers and we all need to tell that story.
With 3,400 Akamai employees in 25 countries talking to IT and business people in different vertical markets whose priorities vary, it’s is important we all learn and are able to repeat our core brand story of who Akamai is and why what we do matters… Today I’ll walk you through our brand story and I’ll also talk through our portfolio and share with you how it’s evolving.

49. BACKUP SLIDES
Our mission: Is to make the internet business-ready. A fast, reliable, secure Internet is the infrastructure for business and entertainment in the faster forward world. That’s what Akamai delivers and we all need to tell that story.
With 3,400 Akamai employees in 25 countries talking to IT and business people in different vertical markets whose priorities vary, it’s is important we all learn and are able to repeat our core brand story of who Akamai is and why what we do matters… Today I’ll walk you through our brand story and I’ll also talk through our portfolio and share with you how it’s evolving.

50. Application Integration - Local HTTP Proxy-Like Model
Without The Akamai Client
With The Akamai Client
Host System
(e.g., Android device)
Host System
(e.g., Android device)
Host Application
(e.g., customer’s video app)
Host Application
(e.g., customer’s video app)
Application
Core
Application Core (e.g., video player, DLM)
Akamai Client
HTTP
HTTP Requests & Responses
HTTP Requests & Responses
UDP packet flows
Multicast/AMT Channels
Akamai Servers
Akamai Servers

51. Recap of CAD Hybrid HTTP/UDP
HTTP/UDP Hybrid Protocol
Advanced Congestion Control
Based on FastTCP
Forward Error Correction (FEC)
Based on Raptor codes

52. Charts

53. Latency: Akamaized vs. Internet Route

54. Packet Loss: Akamaized vs. Internet Route

55. Akamai Significantly Reduces Video Call Packet Loss Up to 30% of Calls Improved by More Than 50%
Country to Country Packet Loss with Akamai
Packet Loss (%)
Packet Loss Improvement