1. CSE 190: Internet E-Commerce Lecture 16: Performance

2. Performance Parameters Four dimensions of performance –CPU Usage Issue for app server, DB –Disk I/O Issue for DB, video streaming –Memory Usage –Network Usage Reflected in cost Each may be a bottleneck depending on the application

3. Network Speeds (What do all these names mean?) Connection TypeSpeed T-11.544 Mbps (24 voice channels) ~$1k/m T-344.7 Mbps (30 T-1s) ~$20k/m OC-151.8 Mbps (SONET standard) OC-3155 Mbps ~50k/mo OC-1929.95 Gbps For comparison: Connection TypeSpeed Analog POTS modem300 bps – 56.7 kbps Cable modemUpstream: 320 Kbps – 10 Mbps Downstream: 30 – 42 Mbps ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)Upstream: 64 kbps – 1.5 Mbps Downstream: 768 kbps – 9 Mbps ~$40-120/m Ethernet 10-BaseT10 Mbps Ethernet 100BaseT100 Mbps

4. Effect of Architecture Small # of servers (Concentrated) –Availability under high load –Vulnerability to attack –Cost/unit performance is lower Distributed architecture –DNS load balancing –Application load balancing –Capacity upgrades require smaller investment

5. DNS Load Balancing –When address of web server is resolved, it may return any of N IP addresses associated with it –Yahoo Example Reference: Figure 7.2, page 188, “Web Servers” by Benay Dara et al. HTTP Requests distributed over a farm of servers. Content mirrored at each server Server A gets first request, server B gets second, server C gets third, etc.

6. Application Load Balancing HTTP Requests sent to the least busy server NOT distributed in a linear fashion All servers kept equally busy Reference: Figure 7.3, page 189, “Web Servers” by Benay Dara et al. Bridge acts as virtual server to requesting browsers/clients. More complex monitoring => may go awry

7. State And Server Affinity No Affinity Client IP Affinity Request Forwarding Multiple Web Farms

8. Proxy Servers Proxy, cache, and mirror techniques: for improving web performance –reduce latency of access to most frequently accessed web documents –Reduce network bandwidth congestion –Increase security of electronic services Proxies provide web gateway on private networks Configurable within browser (e.g. in IE, Tools | Options | Connections) Reference: Figure 7.4, page 189, “Web Servers” by Benay Dara et al.

9. Proxy servers Proxy servers run on Firewalls. Handle both incoming and outgoing web requests. Hide IP addresses of requesting clients Handle NAT – Network address translation Advantages: –Access control of web sites by employees of an organization. –Selective blocking of protocols such ftp. –Cache relayed responses for performance. Cache problem: how current is the data Products: –Apache with proxy configuration –MS ISA Server (previously MS Proxy Server)

10. Scalability THE BIG CHOICE Distributed (e.g., Yahoo!, Google, Yodlee) vs. Concentrated (many e-commerce sites) ProsCons Lower initial cost Gradual ramp in cost Highly redundant More amenable for LARGE systems Complex deployment infrastructure Involved monitoring infrastructure 3 rd party hosting expensive Managing state across systems complex

11. Scalability Stateless (vs Stateful systems) Application Level Load Balancers (vs. Network level) ProsCons Highly redundant Easier implementation in distributed Network level load balancers Lower performance ProsCons More closed loop load balancing Can help manage stateful systems Lower performance Higher cost

12. Performance Elements of Performance  Throughput (affecting scalability)  Response Time (affecting user experience) Elements of Response Time  HTML Rendering  Network download speed  Application processing time  Database performance  Queues (web server, application server, network level) Elements of Throughput  Application processing time  Database performance