1. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 1 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions The Need for Inland Waterway Transport and consequently for Improvement of Navigation Conditions on the Danube Georg Rast WWF Germany

2. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 2 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Inland waterway network in Europe

3. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 3 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy and Transport; http://europa.eu.int/ TEN-T priority projects

4. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 4 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Waterway network in Danube basin

5. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 5 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions

6. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 6 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Waterway network in Rhine basin

7. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 7 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Transport-Growth EU 25 Performance by mode of freight European Commission / Eurostat: Energy & Transport in Figures 2004. - Luxembourg: 2004. - 220 S. Growth of GDP and transport volume

8. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 8 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Development of IWT on Austrian Danube section

9. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 9 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Wasser- und Schifffahrtsverwaltung 2002; Stere, C. L. (1992): Die Untere Donau in Rumänien. - Binnenschifffahrt-ZfB, 47 (1992/17): S. 904-913 Inland waterways – role of access to the sea

10. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 10 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions www.portofconstanza.com, 05.03.2006 Zentralkommission für die Rheinschifffahrt: Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Rheinschifffahrt: Statistiken 2002. - Straßburg, 2003, S. 14 Danube / Constanza in 2005: „The most significant increase of almost 100% (381,817 TEU's), exceeding even the most optimistic expectation from the beginning of the last year, has been registered in the container traffic, so that in 2005 we can speak about 768,099 TEU's as compared to 386,282 TEU's registered in 2004.“ (2004: 3.9 Mio t; 2005: 7.4 Mio t; + 89.74%) Development of container traffic

11. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 11 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Development of the number of passengers: + 168,1% (1995 – 2003) Development of Turnover: + 203,9% (1995 – 2003) 11 Source: Deutscher Reisebüro und Reiseveranstalter Verband e.V., DRV Development of river cruising

12. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 12 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions

13. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 13 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions High Level Group (2005) findings on IWT: Considered as energy efficient (the least energy consumption per tkm compared to road and rail) High degree of safety Enjoys a substantial surplus capacity to contribute to decongestion of overloaded road network

14. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 14 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Danube Commission 1988: minimum depth of the navigation channel 2.50m on 343 days per year (LNRL) from Vienna to Braila/RO AGN 1996 (UN-ECE, main inland waterways of international importance): draught of 2.50m on 240 days per year on the whole Danube Proposal „Van Miert-Group“ 2003: draught of 2.50m on 343 days per year (LNRL) on the whole Danube Agreements for improvement of draught

15. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 15 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions High Level Group recommendations IWT (2005): Mutually open access for international traffic Pursue harmonisation of rules and safety standards Implementation of traffic information systems that are mutually interoperable

16. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 16 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Markets Attract new markets, Encourage entrepreneurship, Improve administrative and regulatory framework Fleet Improve logistics efficiency, environmental and safety performance of Inland Waterway Transport Jobs and Skills Attract workforce, Invest in human capital Image Promote inland navigation as a successful partner in business, Set up and expand European Inland Waterway Transport promotion and development network, Monitor trends and developments within the Inland Waterway Transport market Infrastructure Improve multi-modal network, Implement River Information Services Modernisation of the Organisational Structure (within EU) (4 Options under discussion) European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy and Transport; http://europa.eu.int/ Objectives of new EU NAIADES-Action-Programme Sustainability of vessels is first considered in terms of emissions, secondly to the waterbodies

17. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 17 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy and Transport; http://europa.eu.int/ Bottleneck sections on the Danube waterway

18. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 18 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Quelle: Slowakei-Ungarn bis Delta: Int. Donaukommission: Information über die Instandhaltung der Fahrrinne und die Furten der Donau von Ulm bis Sulina, verschiedene Jahrgänge; Rhein, Donau bis Österreich: eigene Auswertungen von Pegeldaten, Pegeldaten aus www.elwis.de und www.hydroinfo.hu Shipping conditions in recent years

19. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 19 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions... 1997 („dry“ year)... 1999 („normal“ year) Source: Buck Consultants International, ProgTrans, VBD, via donau (2004): PINE: Prospects of Inland navigation within the enlarged Europe. - Teil E, S. 57 und 58. Used draught in relation to potential draught

20. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 20 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions „The traffic carrier should be available at short notice“ „The traffic carrier should transport with high speed“ „Transports should be carried out gently“ „Also small shipments should be carried out fast and economically“ „The traffic carrier should inform the customer about disturbances early“ „The traffic carrier must be present in the whole area“ „The traffic carrier should offer complete solutions like storekeeping, production-synchronous delivery, shelf feeding and other logistical performances“ Requirements - - - 0 0 Currently 0 - 0 + + Future ? Source: Deutscher Industrie- und Handelskammertag (DIHK), ohne Jahresangabe: Verkehrsverlagerung - der große Trugschluss. - Broschüre. Eigenverlag DIHK Berlin, Breite Straße 29, 11052 Berlin. - Verfasser: P. Thiele. Business requirements > Reliability and communication in time

21. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 21 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions INNOVATIVE BARGE TRAINS FOR EFFECTIVE TRANSPORT ON SHALLOW WATERS Technical data of INBAT: Length x Breadth of the total barge train:118 m x 9,0 m Design Draught:1,7 m Length x Breadth of one single barge:48,5 m x 9,0 m Light draught of the barge:0,20 m Deadweight per barge at design draught 1,70 m:641 tons Length x Breadth of the push boat:20 m x 9,0 m Push boat with a total power of at least 480 kW transmitted with 3 propellers and sufficient thrust, for barge operation in shallow waterways with a push boat draft limited to 0,60 m Source: Guesnet, T. (2005) Final technical Report, Including Technological Implementation Plan. - Duisburg, 14.01.2005. - 18 S. - www.inbat.net Innovations in river vessels and barge operation

22. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 22 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions There are a number of new innovative solutions technically feasible concerning vessel design, reduced draught, less emmissions, management of conveys, … Draught is still the most important factor influencing economics of IWT, also with innovative solutions (main obstacle: high investment costs) Significant improvements feasible with better information systems and communication (RIS-river information system, satellite radio navigation systems, waterlevel forecast) VDB research study on „technical and economic concepts for river adapted inland vessels

23. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 23 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions The analysis is based on Western European conditions, Lower Danube region is likely to be different Sensitivity analysis on fuel prices was not done, though an increase reduces competiveness of other transport modes The ultimate priority of draught is still a sectoral view But…

24. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 24 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions There is no revolution feasible, but incremental steps indispensible and as for other complex schemes, non-structural investments pay back short term and are often the cheapest and reversibel, structural investments as river training structures, excavation etc. are expensive, long term and risk irreversibility and non-sustainability Conclusions

25. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 25 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Sustainability guidelines have been developed, even by navigation lobby groups (e.g. PIANC) and recently European Multilateral Financing Institutions (encompassing the whole EU acquis 2003 ergo, commitment has to be proven (based on recent memorandum and joint statement) based on confidence and control with support by experts Conclusions

26. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 26 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Even the restoration of Danube wetlands at the scale currently under discussion is one incremental step to improve navigation conditions (shortening the low water period, less dynamic water level fluctuations) …

27. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 27 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions

28. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 28 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions

29. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 29 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions European Research Centre for Inland and Coastal Navigation, Duisburg, GER Importance of channel information in wide/narrow fairways

30. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 30 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions

31. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 31 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Example of plans on Lower Danube along RO-BG

32. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 32 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions HWL = High Water Level MWL=Mean Water Level LWL=Low Water Level Side arm River training measures and effects Levee/ Terrace

33. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 33 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions HWL MWL LWL Side arm River training measures and effects Systematic bank protection and/or groyns Continuous aggradation of floodplain, more dense vegetation in floodplain/banks elevation of flood water levels

34. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 34 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions HWL MWL LWL Side arm River training measures and effects Systematic bank protection and/or groyns Damming of side arms for concentration of flow in main riverbed Continuous aggradation of floodplain, more dense vegetation in floodplain/banks elevation of flood water levels

35. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 35 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions HWL MWL LWL Side arm River training measures and effects Systematic bank protection and/or groyns Damming of side arms for concentration of flow in main riverbed … incision of riverbed

36. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 36 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions HWL MWL LWL Side arm River training measures and effects Systematic bank protection and/or groyns Damming of side arms for concentration of flow in main riverbed … incision of riverbed, decrease of low and even mean water levels subsidence of groyns and bank reinforcements, increased maintenance

37. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 37 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions HWL MWL LWL (former) Side arm River training measures and effects Systematic bank protection and/or groyns Damming of side arms for concentration of flow in main riverbed … loss of flood water conveyance capacity, further increase of flood water levels and decrease of low water levels

38. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 38 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions Example of plans on Lower Danube along RO-BG Severe irreversible impact on river ecosystem sustainable solution for navigation?

39. 12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 39 „Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions