1. Coronary Heart Disease A project about biology and UE

2. Definition Coronary arteries are arteries which supply blood to the heart to provide nutrients and oxygen. Coronary heart disease occurs when these arteries are narrowed or even blocked.

3. Importance Heart disease is the second killer disease (second only to cancer) in Hong Kong. Among the different types of heart disease, coronary heart disease is the commonest and it is increasing, especially among younger people.

4. Causes It is caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary heart artery. The blood supply is not enough when the artery lumen become smaller. Patients may feel chest pains or heart burns.

5. Symptoms and Signs (1) Sudden death without any previous symptoms - About 10% of patients with coronary heart disease do not have symptoms and only present as sudden death. Some people may have the following symptoms - Angina - Constricting chest pain. It usually occurs under physical exertion e.g. while doing exercise, brisk walking or under emotional stress. The pain gradually disappears after taking a rest.

6. Symptoms and Signs (2) Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) - Sudden onset of severe chest pain that may radiate to the neck, arm or jaw. The patient may develop profuse sweating, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting or even pass out. Anyone with these symptoms should immediately seek medical treatment or attend the Accident & Emergency Department in a hospital.

7. Risk factors for coronary heart disease include: high blood pressure ohigh blood cholesterol osmoking oFamily history of coronary heart disease oObesity or Diabetes mellitus oLack of exercise oChronic stress

8. Research Soy Foods Reduce Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease Tea: Heart Disease and Cancer Laughter Is Good For Your Heart, According To A New University Of Maryland Medical Center Study Family Factor Is Foremost In Foretelling Heart Disease Risk

9. Soy Foods Reduce Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease Source:University of Toronto 1999-06-07 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/06/99 0603091345.htm The findings demonstrate the power of certain foods in the fight against cholesterol and may explain why heart disease is so rare in East Asian countries where soy consumption is much higher. Compared to the low-fat control diet, the soy diet significantly lowered total cholesterol levels, LDL cholesterol and the ratios of good to bad cholesterol levels.

10. Tea: Heart Disease and Cancer Source: http://www.rosa.com.tw/sea/good.htm The natural antioxidant properties of tea may help reduce the risk of developing heart disease. It is the polyphenols in tea that have a beneficial effect on two long established heart disease risk factors: 1) High blood cholesterol.--Studies have indicated that average blood cholesterol levels drop as the amount of tea consumed increases 2) High blood pressure. -- systolic blood pressure levels (systolic)is lowered as tea drinking levels go up

11. Laughter Is Good For Your Heart, According To A New University Of Maryland Medical Center Study Source:University Of Maryland Medical Center 2000-11-17 The researchers found that people with heart disease were 40 percent less likely to laugh in a variety of situations compared to people of the same age without heart disease.

12. Family Factor Is Foremost In Foretelling Heart Disease Risk Source: American Heart Association 2001-02-02 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/200 1/02/010202074010.htm The researchers note that family history was associated with more extensive disease (larger defects), but not more severe disease,compared with subjects who had other risk factors for heart disease, but no family history of it.

13. Imagination If I am a doctor………..

14. Case 1 Cause: heredity Sex: female Age: 28 Height: 168 cmWeight:48kg Lifestyle:balanced diet, enough exercises, normal life (10pm sleep and 7am wake up )

15. Case 1 The number of calories and grams of saturated fat and total fat estimated are: - 1900 calories 19 grams of saturated fat - 63 grams of total fat You should eat less than 300 milligrams of cholesterol a day and no more than 2400 milligrams of sodium a day.

16. Case 2 Cause: always eat high cholesterol level food, obesity Sex: male Age: 45 Height: 170 cmWeight:90kg Lifestyle:without exercise but have normal life

17. Case 2 The number of calories and grams of saturated fat and total fat estimated for you are: - 2500 calories - 25 grams of saturated fat - 83 grams of total fat You should eat less than 300 milligrams of cholesterol a day and no more than 2400 milligrams of sodium a day.

18. Case 3 Cause:drink alcohol and have smoking habit, stressful daily life Sex: male Age: 36 Height: 180 cmWeight:68kg Lifestyle:not enough sleeping hours, abnormal life, always drink alcohol after working

19. Case 3 The number of calories and grams of saturated fat and total fat estimated are: - 1600 calories 16 grams of saturated fat - 53 grams of total fat You should eat less than 300 milligrams of cholesterol a day and no more than 2400 milligrams of sodium a day.

20. Case 4 Cause:diabetes patient, high blood pressure Sex: female Age: 68 Height: 160 cmWeight:55kg Lifestyle:serious diabetes. Normal life

21. Case 4 The number of calories and grams of saturated fat and total fat estimated for you are: 1500 calories 15 grams of saturated fat 50 grams of total fat You should eat less than 300 milligrams of cholesterol a day and no more than 2400 milligrams of sodium a day.

22. General suggestion Health diet Treatment

23. Health diet (1) 1. Meat : Poultry, fish and shellfish are lower in saturated fat 2. Dry peas and beans and tofu are great meat substitutes that are low in saturated fat and cholesterol 3. Fats and oil : when you replace saturated fats with unsaturated fat that can help keep blood cholesterol low 4. Fruits and Vegetables : should be eating at least 3 to 5 servings. Fruits and vegetables are very low on saturated fat and total fat, and have no cholesterol. Besides, these may also help keep cholesterol levels low.

24. Health diet (2) 5. Breads, cereals, rice, pasta and other grains, and dry beans and peas are generally high in starch and fiber and low in saturated fat and calories. 6. Fat free or low fat brownies, cakes, cheesecake, cupcakes and pastries.Gelatin desserts which watch the whipped cream.Moreover, puddings made with 1% or fat free milk.

25. coronary bypass surgery http://www.heart-surgeon.com/coronary-bypass.html - Aortocoronary bypass surgery means that one or more bypass grafts are implanted between the aorta and the coronary blood vessel. -This homepage is a rough introduction about the coronary bypass surgery.

26. coronary bypass surgery

27. Other treatments (Chinese version for reference) Gene therapy to treat coronary heart disease August 1999 http://www.c-science.com/txt/tc/te/pb/990804tepb.htm Growing new blood vessels in the heart by gene therapy January 1999 http://www.c-science.com/txt/tc/te/pb/990117tepb.htm New surgical bypass technique offer longer-lasting bypasses March 1999 http://www.c-science.com/txt/tc/te/pb/990314tepb.htm Protein therapy can create new blood vessels to the heart May 1998 http://www.c-science.com/txt/tc/te/pb/980523tepbx.htm

28. Group members Ida Cheung Sin Yi 6S (1) Grace Kwok Wai Ming 6S (5) Crystal Lo Pui Yi 6S (10) Joey Tsang Sui Kwan 6S(12)

29. ~The End~