1. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula Keywords: Carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, particles, sulfur compounds, sulfur dioxide Prior Learning: Know what fractional distillation is & how it separates

2. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula Learning Objectives: Identify and explain The combustion products formed from fuels. That in a combustion reaction, the amount of oxygen available to react affects the products produced. The pollutants produced when we burn fuels. I will be successful in this lesson if I can: Write word equations for the complete combustion of hydrocarbons (Lvl C). Describe differences between incomplete and complete combustion (Lvl C). List pollutants formed when we burn fuels (Lvl C). Complete balanced symbol equations for the complete and incomplete combustion of simple alkanes (Lvl A). Explain how nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and particulates are produced during the combustion process (Lvl A).

3. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula 1.Hydrocarbons contain only hydrogen & carbon 2. Fuels can only be hydrocarbons 3. A fuel is burned to release energy 4. Fuel is stored light energy 5. Combustion is a reduction reaction 6. When hydrocarbons burn in plenty of oxygen, carbon dioxide & water is made 7. Carbon dioxide can be tested with a glowing splint 8. Oxygen can be tested with limewater 9. Water can be tested with blue cobalt chloride paper 10. Sulfur dioxide can be made by burning fossil fuels

4. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula Combustion is the scientific word for burning and is a type of chemical reaction. Combustion is the reaction when a substance burns and reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light energy. I know… BUT STILL You should have learnt this in Yr 7

5. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula When a substance burns, it is said to combust. A fuel is a substance that reacts with oxygen (combusts) to release useful energy. Many fractions obtained from crude oil are used as fuels because they contain hydrocarbons that burn easily and release a large amount of useful energy. Combustion is a rapid reaction between a substance and oxygen that releases heat and light energy.

6. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula

7. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula The natural gas, methane, is often burnt for cooking. Methane is made up of carbon and hydrogen. What gas does methane react with when it burns? What substance will the carbon in methane change into when it burns in oxygen? What substance will the hydrogen in methane change into when it burns in oxygen? What is the word equation for the combustion of methane? carbon dioxide oxygenmethanewater What is the chemical equation? CH 4 2O 2 CO 2 2H 2 O

8. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula Combustion demonstration How can we demonstrate combustion & the products of combustion with the provided equipment?

9. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula

10. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula What are the products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon? Plenty of air is needed to provide enough oxygen for a hydrocarbon fuel to burn completely. oxygen carbon dioxide hydrocarbon ++  water The blue flame of a gas hob or a Bunsen burner is an example of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon (in this case, natural gas).

11. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula If there is a shortage of air (oxygen), incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons takes place. Instead of producing just carbon dioxide and water, incomplete combustion also produces carbon monoxide and/or carbon (soot). These form tiny particle in the air (particulates). It also releases less energy than complete combustion. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas because it reduces the ability of blood to carry oxygen. Most fuels contain sulfur compounds. When the fuel burns, these sulfur compounds produce sulfur dioxide.

12. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula yellow With the yellow bunsen flame the oxygen flow is restricted & incomplete combustion occurs. Therefore, a lower temperature is achieved & soot is produced blue With the blue bunsen flame the oxygen flow is in excess & complete combustion occurs. Therefore, combustion is most efficient under these conditions, producing high temperatures & only carbon dioxide & water

13. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula 1.What type of chemical is propane? 2. How many carbons in its carbon chain? 3. What happens when there is plenty of oxygen? 4. What happens when there is a shortage of oxygen? DEMONSTRATION: ‘Burning Propane’ C1a 3.3

14. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula Propane is a hydrocarbon used in camping gas. What is the equation for its combustion? oxygen carbon dioxide propane ++  water 5O 2 3CO 2 C3H8C3H8 ++  4H 2 0 How would the equations change if butane was used?

15. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula 3. 1. Complete these word (symbol) equations 2. 2O 2 CH 4 oxygenWaxwaterPetrol 8O 2 CH 4 H 2 O carbon dioxide carbon 4. CO C CO 2 Carbon dioxide Oxygen Water Carbon monoxide CO 2 2H 2 O 6812 23

16. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula In pairs, write a summary sentence about as many of these words as you can…. You will be asked to read out your sentences & copy down the correct ones CombustionCombustion Nitrogen oxideNitrogen oxide Sulfur dioxideSulfur dioxide ParticulatesParticulates

17. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula

18. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula Learning Objectives: Identify and explain The combustion products formed from fuels. That in a combustion reaction, the amount of oxygen available to react affects the products produced. The pollutants produced when we burn fuels. I will be successful in this lesson if I can: Write word equations for the complete combustion of hydrocarbons (Lvl C). Describe differences between incomplete and complete combustion (Lvl C). List pollutants formed when we burn fuels (Lvl C). Complete balanced symbol equations for the complete and incomplete combustion of simple alkanes (Lvl A). Explain how nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and particulates are produced during the combustion process (Lvl A).

19. GCSE Core Chemistry Exam tip; You MUST be able to write equations for burning hydrocarbons. You should be able to write balanced symbol equations for the combustion of alkanes, given its formula