1. The Renaissance

2. I.Introduction A.Definition (French-“Rebirth”, Italian-“Rinascimento”) Rebirth and rediscovery of classical learning and knowledge spanning 14 th -17 th centuries beginning in Italy; also introduced courtly and papal patronage to the arts, developments of perspective in painting, and advancements in science B. 14 th -17 th Century

3. The Renaissance I. Introduction II. Characteristics of Renaissance A. Rediscovered Greco-Roman civilization B. Emphasized reason, ? Attitude C. Glorified the individual D. Approved of worldly pleasures E. Focused on secular matters F. Achievements in literature, art, science

4. The Renaissance I. Introduction II. Characteristics of Renaissance III. Renaissance humanism

5. The Renaissance I. Introduction II. Characteristics of Renaissance III. Renaissance humanism IV. Italian Renaissance A. Beginnings B. Florence - Medici

6. The Renaissance IV. Italian Renaissance A. Beginnings B. Florence – Medici 1. Cosimo (1434-1464) 2. Lorenzo (1469-1492) 3. Savonarola (1494-1497) Cosimo de’ Medici Lorenzo de’ Medici Savonarola

7. The Renaissance Death of Savonarola May 23, 1498

8. The Renaissance IV. Italian Renaissance A. Beginnings B. Florence – Medici C. Milan – Sforza Sforza coat-of-arms Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan (1401-1466)

9. The Renaissance IV. Italian Renaissance C. Milan – Sforza Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan (1444-1476) Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (1454-1508)

10. The Renaissance IV. Italian Renaissance A. Beginnings B. Florence – Medici C. Milan – Sforza D. Rome – Papacy 1. Alexander VI (1492-1503) – Borgia Alexander VI Cesare Borgia Lucrezia Borgia

12. The Renaissance IV. Italian Renaissance A. Beginnings B. Florence – Medici C. Milan – Sforza D. Rome – Papacy 1. Alexander VI (1492-1503) – Borgia 2. Julius II (1503-1513) – Rovere Julius II

13. The Renaissance IV. Italian Renaissance A. Beginnings B. Florence – Medici C. Milan – Sforza D. Rome – Papacy 1. Alexander VI (1492-1503) – Borgia 2. Julius II (1503-1513) – Rovere 3. Leo X (1513-1521) – Medici Leo XMartin Luther Hanno

14. The Renaissance IV. Italian Renaissance A. Beginnings B. Florence – Medici C. Milan – Sforza D. Rome – Papacy E. Venice – merchants *Doge

15. Doge’s Palace

16. The Renaissance V. Northern Renaissance (after 1500) *France, Germany, Holland, England A. Christian humanism 1. Less emphasis on classical 2. Applied Renaissance ideas to religion 3. Modernized Catholic doctrine, practices

17. The Renaissance V. Northern Renaissance (after 1500) *France, Germany, Holland, England A. Christian humanism B. Printing press (1456) 1. Johann Gutenberg 2. Movable type Johann Gutenberg (1398-1468) Printing Press Movable Type

18. The Renaissance VI. Renaissance achievements A. Literature 1. Dante (1265-1321) – Italian *Divine Comedy 2. Petrarch (1304-1374) – Italian a. Father of humanism b. Love sonnets

21. The Renaissance VI. Renaissance achievements A. Literature 3. Boccaccio (1313?-1375) – Italian *Decameron 4. Chaucer (1340?-1400) – English *Canterbury Tales

22. The Canterbury Tales The General Prologue (lines 623-633) Middle English A somonour was ther with us in that place, That hadde a fyr-reed cherubynnes face, For saucefleem he was, with eyen narwe. As hoot he was and lecherous as a sparwe, With scalled browes blake and piled berd. Of his visage children were aferd. Ther nas quyk-silver, lytarge, ne brymstoon, Boras, ceruce, ne oille of tartre noon; Ne oynement that wolde clense and byte, That hym myghte helpen of his whelkes white, Nor of the knobbes sittynge on his chekes.

23. The Canterbury Tales The General Prologue (lines 623-633) Modern English Middle English A summoner was with us in that place, Who had a fiery-red, cherubic face, For eczema he had; his eyes were narrow As hot he was, and lecherous, as a sparrow; With black and scabby brows and scanty beard; He had a face that little children feared. There was no mercury, sulphur, or litharge, No borax, ceruse, tartar, could discharge, Nor ointment that could cleanse enough, or bite, To free him of his boils and pimples white, Nor of the bosses resting on his cheeks. A somonour was ther with us in that place, That hadde a fyr-reed cherubynnes face, For saucefleem he was, with eyen narwe. As hoot he was and lecherous as a sparwe, With scalled browes blake and piled berd. Of his visage children were aferd. Ther nas quyk-silver, lytarge, ne brymstoon, Boras, ceruce, ne oille of tartre noon; Ne oynement that wolde clense and byte, That hym myghte helpen of his whelkes white, Nor of the knobbes sittynge on his chekes.

24. The Renaissance VI. Renaissance achievements A. Literature 5. Erasmus (1466?-1536) – Dutch *In Praise of Folly 6. Machiavelli (1469-1527) – Italian *The Prince

25. The Renaissance VI. Renaissance achievements A. Literature 7. More (1478-1535) – English *Utopia 8. Cervantes (1547-1616) – Spanish *Don Quixote

26. The Renaissance VI. Renaissance achievements A. Literature 9. Shakespeare (1564-1616) – English a. Taming of the Shrew (comedy) b. Julius Caesar (history) c. Romeo and Juliet (tragedy)

27. The Renaissance VI. Renaissance achievements A. Literature 10. Milton (1608-1674) – English *Paradise Lost

28. The Renaissance VI. Renaissance achievements A. Literature B. Science 1. Copernicus (1473-1543) – Polish *Heliocentric theory 2. Vesalius (1514-1564) – Flemish *Science of anatomy

29. The Renaissance VI. Renaissance achievements A. Literature B. Science 3. Bacon (1561-1626) – English *Scientific method 4. Galileo (1564-1642) – Italian a. Law of falling bodies b. Improved the telescope c. Confirmed Copernicus

30. The Renaissance VI. Renaissance achievements A. Literature B. Science 5. Kepler (1571-1630) – German *Elliptical orbit of planets 6. Harvey (1578-1657) – English *Circulation of the blood

31. The Renaissance VI. Renaissance achievements A. Literature B. Science 7. Descartes (1596-1650) – French a. Laws of optics b. Analytic geometry 8. Boyle (1627-1691) – English *Law of gases

32. The Renaissance VI. Renaissance achievements A. Literature B. Science 9. Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723) – Dutch 10. Newton (1642-1727) – English a. Calculus b. Laws of light, color c. Laws of motion d. Law of gravitation Leeuwenhoek Newton