1. TOPIC- CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
GEOLOGY PROJECT
TOPIC- CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

2. GROUP MEMBERS 1.AYUSH KUMAR (ROLL019) 2.SHAKTI SHEKHAR (ROLL067)
3. SHASHI KUMAR SRIVASTAV (ROLL069)

3. Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock  that are formed by the  deposition of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.  Or
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the lithification of inorganic and/or organic sediments, or as chemical precipitates.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
There are two types of sedimentary rocks:
1. Clastic
2. Chemical

5. Clastic sedimentary rocks
Clastic sedimentary rocks form when existing parent rock material is weathered, fragmented, transported, and deposited in layers that compact, cement, and lithify to form sedimentary rocks.

6. Chemical sedimentary rocks
Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed by a variety of processes and are divided into sub-categories including inorganic, and biochemical or organic chemical sedimentary rocks.

7. Clastic sedimentary rocks
Few examples of clastic sedimentary rocks are
Limestone
Breccia
Chert
Sandstone
Shale
Mudstone
Conglomerate

8. Chemical sedimentary rocks
Few examples of chemical sedimentary rocks are
Flint
Chert
Jasper
Dolomite
Magnesite
Rock salt
Gypsum

9. Relative Percentages of Sedimentary Rocks

10. Sedimentary Rocks in North America

11. Classification of Clastic sedimentary rocks
S.NO
TYPE
GRAIN SIZE
ROCK 1.
GRAVELS
Boulders
>256mm
Conglomerate
Cobbles
16-256mm
Pebbles
2-16mm 2.
SANDS
Coarse
½ -2 mm
Quartz sandstone
Medium
¼ - ½ mm
Fine
1/16 – ¼ mm 3.
SILTS
1/256-1/16 mm
Shale, Siltstone 4.
CLAYS
< 1/256mm
Mudstone

12. CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
S.NO
TYPE
SUB-TYPE
CHARACTERISTICS 1.
CHEMICALLY FORMED ROCKS
Siliceous
(Flint, chert, jasper)
Silica is chief constituent
Carbonate
(Dolomite , magnesite)
Precipitated from carbonate rich waters
Ferruginous
Oxides and hydroxides are common examples
Phosphatic
Form from sea water rich in phosphoric acid
Evaporites(Rock salt, gypsum)
Formed from evaporation

13. S.NO
TYPE
SUB-TYPE
CHARACTERISTICS 2.
ORGANIC DEPOITS
Carbonate
Formed by gradual accumulation of shells and skeletal bones of sea organism
Carbonaceous
(Coal)
They are rich in carbon its main source is plants
Phosphatic Deposits-Guano
Accumulation of excreta of some birds
Ferruginous
Deposits
Mostly iron carbonate deposits , from fresh water lakes

14. DIFFERENT SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

15. Chert Chert is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2).
It occurs as nodules, concretionary masses and as layered deposits.
Chert is a very hard material that produces a spark when it is struck
against steel. The heat from
this spark can be used to
start fires

16. Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of the mineral calcite. 
It most commonly forms in clear,
warm,shallow marine waters. 
Limestone can also form through evaporation. Stalactites, stalagmites and other cave formations (often called "speleothems") are examples of limestone that formed through evaporation.

17. Breccia
Breccia are composed of large angular fragments (over two millimeters in diameter). The spaces between the large angular fragments can be filled with a matrix of smaller particles or a mineral cement that binds the rock together. 
Breccia forms where broken,
angular fragments of rock or
mineral debris accumulate.
Possible location for breccia formation
is at the base of an outcrop where mechanical weathering debris accumulates or alluvial fan. Some breccias form as debris flow deposits. 

18. Conglomerate
Conglomerate is a rock consisting of individual clasts within a finer-grained matrix that have become
cemented together.
Conglomerates are sedimentary rocks consisting of rounded fragments and are thus differentiated from breccias, which consist of angular clasts. Both conglomerates and breccias are characterized by clasts larger than sand (>2 mm)