1. 1 Lorin Stevens ECE 5320 Mechatronics Assignment #1

2.  References  Definition  Configuration  Specification  Application - Uses  Making the right decision  Providers – purchasing  Conclusion 2

3. 1. http://www.thesolenoidcompany.com/ http://www.thesolenoidcompany.com/ 2. http://www.wikipedia.com/ http://www.wikipedia.com/ 3. www.phys.huji.ac.il www.phys.huji.ac.il 4. www.societyofrobots.com www.societyofrobots.com 5. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org http://ieeexplore.ieee.org * All sources used in the presentation are referenced to the number listed here. 3

4.  The Mechatronics Handbook The Mechatronics Handbook  Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook  Induction Machine Handbook, The Induction Machine Handbook, The  Linear Synchronous Motors: Transportation and Automation Systems Linear Synchronous Motors: Transportation and Automation Systems  Switched Reluctance Motor Drives: Modeling, Simulation, Analysis, Design, and Applications Switched Reluctance Motor Drives: Modeling, Simulation, Analysis, Design, and Applications  Power Electronics Handbook, The Power Electronics Handbook, The  Resource Handbook of Electronics, The Resource Handbook of Electronics, The  Electrical Engineering Dictionary Electrical Engineering Dictionary  Electrical Engineering Handbook, The Electrical Engineering Handbook, The  Handbook of Formulas and Tables for Signal Processing Handbook of Formulas and Tables for Signal Processing  Mechanical Engineering Handbook Mechanical Engineering Handbook 4

5.  Solenoids are commonly used for:  Locking  Automotive  Medical  Railway  Industrial 5

6.  SOLENOID:  A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical movement. 1  A 3-dimensional coil. In physics, the term solenoid refers to a loop of wire, often wrapped around a metallic core, which produces a magnetic field when an electrical current is passed through it. 2 6 3

7. 7 Magnetic field created by a solenoid 1 1 4

8.  The difference between a solenoid and a motor is that a solenoid is spring loaded and cannot rotate.  Also, solenoids are known for their ability to create a large force, but with short duration. 8 4

9.  Duty Cycle  The proportion of time that a solenoid is energized, compared with the total time of an "on" and "off" cycle.  Expressed as a percentage (i.e. Constantly energized = 100% duty cycle)  A solenoid can be manufactured for any duty cycle.  Force  The power output, or the energy available to do work.  Once energized, a solenoid will develop a force to start movement of the plunger.  Force output is effected by temperature, the higher temperature, the lower the force.  Armature  The part of solenoid which moves, within the magnetic field generated by the coil.  Combines flat face and conical shapes to achieve different stroke/force combinations.  Plunger (or shaft)  Part of the solenoid which is moved by the armature, on energization of the coil.  Pull in Time (Actuation Time)  The full time it takes from switch-on to the moment a linear solenoid completes its stroke, or a rotary solenoid has moved through its rotation angle.  Sometimes possible to reduce over all pull in time by over-exciting the coil for a short instant  Drop out Time  The total amount of time taken for the solenoid to return to its rest position after current is switched off. The drop out time will depend on the mass being moved and the influence of any springs. Drop out times are not shown in our data tables. 9

10. Rotary Solenoids Linear Solenoids Holding Solenoids Latching Solenoids Bistable Solenoids AC Solenoids Solenoid Valves Replacement Solenoids Stock Solenoids 10

11.  Door locking, in hotels, offices and secure areas. Vending machines, remote access systems, turnstiles, car park and access barriers, ….  Can be small enough to fit within a conventional door lock mechanism  Many locking solenoids are designed to operate from battery power.  Latching can be mechanical or magnetic  Single acting solenoids, bistable solenoids, two directional solenoids used in locking, with or without springs 11 1

12. 12  Interlock device for integration into automatic gearbox drive selectors; prevents the selection of "drive" without first receiving a release signal from brake  Ignition operated steering column interlocks with gear selection  Power consumptions as low as 2W  NOT just for cars  Integration into joystick controls in agricultural applications  Lorry systems. 1

13.  Dialysis machines,  2 solenoids act in tandem to control differing levels of blood flow.  Dosing equipment  Rate of stroke and the force profile of a dosing solenoid are critical. This is to ensure that dosing can take place directly into the body.  Blood pressure monitoring devices  May not require such exacting performance from a medical solenoid  Calls for long life from a battery power source 13

14.  Locomotives, rolling stock, tracks, signals and power distribution  Conventional uses in maintenance and building  Heavy-duty linear solenoid for on board drive pathway switching (bistable)  Trackside installation security  Modified standard linear solenoid is used as part of locking mechanism  Passenger turn-styles  Standard variant bistable linear solenoids selected for long life  Safety interlock on passenger car doors  Controlled remotely by the train manager.  Fire extinguishers  Calls for a very high force for the relevant size, to operate the jets of a fire suppressant system; can withstand the arduous environment found inside engine compartments, notably heat and vibration. 14

15.  Laser shutters, Power distribution, Office machines, Domestic appliances 15 Various configurations of solenoid application in Industry 1

16.  Power generation dependent on dimension  Limited by wire diameter and by the practical limitations of winding such coils for small volumes. 5  Stray fields  Pose site-specific considerations  Lack of modularity  Need for field winding (in large sizes)  Possible solution  Toroids can turn the disadvantages of solenoids into advantages 16

17.  Match all the specifications to the given process being controlled  Stroke size  Stroke intensity  Power consumption  3 F’s  Form (Does it look the way you want?)  Fit (Does it fit in your assembly?)  Function (Does it do ALL you need it to do?) 17 Courtesy: www.bicronusa.com

18.  www.solenoidcity.com www.solenoidcity.com  www.thesolenoidcompany.com www.thesolenoidcompany.com  www.zonhen.com www.zonhen.com  www.Intersolind.com www.Intersolind.com  www.MagneticSensorSystems.com www.MagneticSensorSystems.com  www.Zanty.com www.Zanty.com  www.digikey.com www.digikey.com  www.grainger.com www.grainger.com  www.mcmaster.com www.mcmaster.com  www.newark.com www.newark.com 18

19.  Solenoids have many applications in various fields.  Solenoids have been around for a long time, and they continue to evolve due to public need.  There are limitations to using solenoids as an actuator option, but where a large force in short duration is needed, it is the best option.  Solenoids are a clean, efficient option for power consumption and work in appropriate systems. 19