1. Alcohol Countermeasures Support Ed Conde Environmental Measurement and Modeling Div. RVT-41 617-494-2428 edward.conde@dot.gov

2. Laboratory Sponsor NHTSA Office of Research and Program Development Impaired Driving Division - Maureen MacDonald Behavioral Safety Research Division - DeCarlo Ciccel

3. Program Personnel Ed Conde (Program Manager) Employed at Volpe since 1986 With Alcohol Lab since 2001 Program Manager since January 2005 Art Flores Program Manager 1970-2005 Contractor 2005-2011 New Hire – currently searching

4. 1970s: Development of NHTSA Model Specifications for evidential breath testers (EBTs) Development of Breath Alcohol Sampling Simulator (BASS) Testing of submitted EBTs NHTSA Blood Alcohol Proficiency Program established 1980s: Development of model specifications for calibrating devices (CUs) Testing of submitted EBTs, CUs 1990s: Develop Model Specifications for Preliminary Screening Devices (PBTs) Testing of submitted PBTs, CUs, EBTs 2000s: Updating of BASS device Help develop worldwide alcohol device test standard (OIML) Development of draft Model Specifications for Ignition Interlock Devices Alcohol Program History

5. Program Tasks 1. Model Specifications: Develop NHTSA model specifications and methods for evaluation of submitted police alcohol testing devices. 2. Device Testing: Evaluate domestic and international police breath alcohol testers for precision and accuracy at a variety of operating conditions. 3. Blood Proficiency Program: Prepare blood alcohol proficiency samples and ship them to over 200 domestic and international blood test laboratories.

6. Program Tasks (cont’d) 4. Court Testimony: Provide expert pre-trial testimony regarding the validity of the police breath alcohol test as directed by NHTSA. 5. Develop International Recommendation for EBTs: Participate in the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) working group to develop a draft international recommendation for the evaluation of EBTs. 6. Technical Support: Provide rapid response technical support to NHTSA on alcohol related issues as they arise.

7. How breath devices are tested Most tests are performed using Calibrating Devices which provide a sample of known alcohol concentration. The dynamic characteristics of test samples produced by these devices do not resemble those of an intoxicated human. The Breath Sampling Efficiency Test for EBTs requires that the dynamic characteristics of the test sample closely resemble the breath of an intoxicated human.

8. Model Specifications Model Specifications describe the tests and methods that are used to evaluate devices Evidential Breath Testers (EBT) Screening Devices (PBT) Calibrating Units (CU) Ignition Interlocks (BAIID) - proposed

9. Conforming Products Lists (CPLs) Devices that conform to NHTSA’s Model Specifications are published to NHTSA’s Conforming Products Lists (CPLs) Updated periodically and published in the Federal Register Also found on Volpe web site: http://www.volpe.dot.gov/alcohol/technical.html http://www.volpe.dot.gov/alcohol/technical.html

10. Volpe Website Volpe Center Alcohol Countermeasures website can be found at: http://www.volpe.dot.gov/alcohol/technical.html http://www.volpe.dot.gov/alcohol/technical.html Alcohol Measuring Device Testing NHTSA Evidential Breath Testers (EBT's) Model Specifications Test procedure and Requirements. (PDF, 171KB)NHTSA Evidential Breath Testers (EBT's) Model Specifications NHTSA EBT Conforming Products List Devices that conformed to the EBT Model Specifications. (PDF, 66KB) (updated 01/14/08)NHTSA EBT Conforming Products List NHTSA Alcohol Screening Devices (ASD's) Model Specifications Test procedure and Requirements. (PDF, 70KB)NHTSA Alcohol Screening Devices (ASD's) Model Specifications NHTSA ASD Conforming Products List Devices that conformed to the ASD Model Specifications. (PDF, 55KB)NHTSA ASD Conforming Products List NHTSA Calibrating Units (CU's) Model Specifications and Conforming Products List Test procedure and Requirements; Devices that conformed to the CU Model Specifications. (PDF, 109KB)NHTSA Calibrating Units (CU's) Model Specifications and Conforming Products List

11. Evidential Breath Testers (EBT) Used by police and for Workplace Testing confirmation tests

12. Evidential Breath Testers (EBTs) EBTs that conform to NHTSA’s Model Specifications are added to NHTSA’s Conforming Product’s List (CPL) Tests performed on submitted EBTs: Precision and Accuracy Acetone Interference Blank Reading Sampling Efficiency (BASS) Input Power Variation (AC and DC) Ambient Temperature Variation Vibration Stability

13. EBT Test #1 4.1 Test 1. Precision and Accuracy. Test at each of the specified BAC [SE<0.005 BAC; SD<0.0042]. Test 1.1: 0.020 BAC [SE<0.005 BAC; SD<0.0042] Test 1.2: 0.040 BAC [SE<0.005 BAC; SD<0.0042] Test 1.3: 0.080 BAC [SE<0.005 BAC; SD<0.0042] Test 1.4: 0.160 BAC [SE<0.008 BAC; SD<0.0042] The following test is information only for the potential users. There is no performance requirement. Test 1.5: 0.300 BAC

14. EBT Test #2 Test 2. Acetone Interference. Test at 0.020 BAC with the specified amount of acetone added to the CU solution. Replace the solution if acetone depletion is indicated during the test. [SE<0.005 BAC; SD<0.0042] Test 2.1: 70 microliters acetone per 500 ml solution. Test 2.2: 115 microliters acetone per 500 ml solution.

15. EBT Test #3 Test 3. Blank Reading. Test at 0.000 BAC. The tester shall use his or her own breath for this test and he or she may not consume alcohol for a period of 48 hours prior to this test nor smoke for a period of 20 minutes prior to this test. [SE <0.005 BAC with no single result greater than 0.005 BAC]

16. EBT Test #4 Test 4. Breath Sampling. Perform ten tests at 0.080 BrAC for each of the following flow conditions [SE<0.005 BAC; SD<0.0042]: Test 4.1: 2 liters of flow in 10 seconds (0.2 l/s) Test 4.2: 2 liters of flow in 6 seconds (0.33 l/s) Test 4.3: 6 liters of flow in 12 seconds (0.5 l/s)

17. Breath Alcohol Sample Simulator (BASS) The BASS is a computer controlled breath alcohol sample generator designed at the Volpe Center. The BASS was designed to mimic a drinking human’s breath. The BASS can vary the strength and duration of the blow. The BASS can vary the delivered alcohol concentration over time. The BASS produces repeatable human-like breath samples without the difficulties associated with human drinking subjects.

18. Breath Alcohol Profiles

19. EBT Test #5 Test 5. Input Power. Perform 10 tests at 0.080 BrAC at the appropriate input voltage specified below. [SE<0.005 BAC; SD<0.0042] Test 5.1: 108 VAC Test 5.2: 123 VAC Test 5.3: 11 VDC Test 5.4: 15 VDC

20. EBT Test #6 Test 6. Ambient Temperature. Perform 10 tests at 0.080 BrAC at the appropriate Temperatures specified below. [SE<0.005 BAC; SD<0.0042] Test 6.1: 20˚C Test 6.2: 30˚C And for portable devices (info. only) Test 6.1: 10˚C Test 6.2: 35˚C

21. EBT Test #7 Test 7. Vibration Stability. Perform 10 tests at 0.080 BrAC after vibrating the EBT as specified below. [SE<0.005 BAC; SD<0.0042] Through each of its three major axes, subject the EBT to simple harmonic motion of the specified amplitude and frequency. Sweep though each frequency range in 2.5 minutes, then reverse sweep to the starting frequency in 2.5 minutes. 10-30 Hz @ amplitude of.030 in. (peak to peak) 30-60 Hz @ amplitude of.015 in. (peak to peak)

22. EBT Test #8 Test 8. Electrical Safety Inspection. Examine the EBT for protection of the operator and person being tested from electrical shock. Examine for proper use of input power fuses, and verify that there are no exposed male connectors at high potential. Determine that overheating does not occur during operation and that undue fire hazards do not exist.

23. Legal Issues EBTs are often challenged in Court. NHTSA should be notified of any proposed changes to instrument hardware or software. Small changes to instruments on the CPL can lead to legal challenges.

24. Screening Devices Used for Police Preliminary Testing and Workplace

25. Calibration Devices Alcohol Solution Calibrator Used to Calibrate EBTs and Screeners. Used in some Volpe testing.

26. Calibration Devices Compressed Gas Calibrator (alcohol in inert gas) Used to Calibrate EBTs and Screeners. Not used in Volpe testing.

27. Task # 3: Blood Proficiency Program B ovine blood spiked with ethanol and sent to laboratories in the US and other countries Samples used by laboratories to confirm accuracy of their blood alcohol test results which are used in court proceedings Participating laboratories report results anonymously Volpe sends results report that laboratories use for quality control Participation is free; no consequences for poor performance Accuracy of participating laboratories has increased dramatically during life of the program

28. Task #4: Expert Testimony And Support Program Managers of Volpe Center Alcohol Laboratory have testified in pre-trial hearings in many states about accuracy of approved breath testers Live testimony, phone testimony, depositions, and affidavits provided to help States with legal challenges During the last few years, testimony given before Florida House of Representatives and New Jersey Supreme Court Despite strong challenges made by defense, Volpe testimony has always resulted in court acceptance of the reliability of breath tester used by the police

29. Task #5: International Test Standard Ed Conde and Arthur Flores: Members of U.S. Working Group developing International Test Method for Breath Alcohol Devices Working with U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Volpe has provided technical support to U.S. delegation to the OIML International standard could remove trade barriers and help U.S. manufacturers compete in overseas markets Challenge: Ensure that final test procedure is fair to all countries

30. Task # 6: Expert Technical Support Alcohol Countermeasures Support Laboratory provides NHTSA with over 35 years of alcohol related technical expertise and experience Support given to States, Manufacturers, and Federal agencies (subject to Sponsor approval and Legal Office concurrence)