1. By: Aaron Chu Daniel Johnson

2. Japan Europe Iceland California

3.  Trench: A cut in the ground  Can be up to 7300 or more meters deep  Typically form in locations where tectonic plates subduct under another  Parallel to adjacent island arcs or mountain ranges of the continental margins  Closely associated with and found in subduction zones

6. Japan

7.  Deepest part of the earth  11,000 meters deep  Formed by ocean-to- ocean subduction  1 plate (piece of lithosphere) moves underneath another  Located in the Pacific Ocean  East of the 14 Mariana Islands 11"21' North latitude and 142" 12' East longitude (near Japan)

8.  The trench is deep enough that Mt. Everest could fit in its place

9. Jellyfish Football Fish Scary Dragonfish

11. Japan

13.  Volcanic island arc  2800 km south from Tokyo  1100 km long and 300 to 400 km wide  Contains  Izu Islands, Bonin Islands, and Mariana Islands  Convergent boundary  Crust is destroyed and recycled back into the interior of the Earth as one plate dives under another  Often known as “Subduction zones”  Formed as a result of subduction of the western Pacific plate

16. JapanEurope Iceland

17.  Mid-Atlantic Ridge runs beneath Iceland  North American Plate moves west, while the Eurasian Plate moves east  Iceland is slowly being split in 2 pieces  Result of this is divergent boundary  New crust is created as 2 or more plates pull away from each other.

18.  Mid-Ocean ridge  Underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics  Seafloor spreading occurs during this process  Process in which the ocean floor is extended when two playes move apart.  Mid-Atlantic Ridge includes a deep rift valley  Runs along the axis of the ridge along nearly its entire length

20.  The ridge played an important in the break up of Pangaea

22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxV3vE86s2Q

23.  Paleomagnetism  Study of the record of the Earth’s magnetic field in rocks. Paleomagnetists study the Paleomagnetic stripes in the mid ocean ridge to see the..  Iron rich basaltic lava erupted along mid-ocean ridges  Iron within the basalt is permanently oriented by the magnetic field of the Earth

25. JapanEurope Iceland California

26.  Cascade Volcanoes  Extends about 1,100 km  Formed due to subduction along the Cascadia subduction zone  Series of volcanoes in North America  Extends from southwestern British Colombia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California Cascade Volcanoes' North America British Colombia Washington Oregon Northern California

28.  Cascade Volcanoes' = Volcanic arc’s  Volcanic Arc  Chain of volcanoes positioned in an arc  2 types  Oceanic arcs : forms when oceanic crust subducts beneath another oceanic crust  Continental arcs: forms when oceanic crust subducts beneath continental, creating an arc-shaped mountain belt

30. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKmJEVZDI6c

31.  In California lays the San Andreas fault  800 mi. long  Tectonic boundary between the Pacific plate and the North Atlantic plate  35°07'N, 119°39'W  The fault is a transformation fault boundary

32.  Transformation- fault boundary  2 plates are sliding horizontally past one another.  Usually appear in ocean floors but a few occur on land such as California

34.  http://www.marianatrench.com/ http://www.marianatrench.com/  http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/155513/deep-sea- trenchhttp://geology.com/nsta/transform-plate- boundaries.shtml http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/155513/deep-sea- trenchhttp://geology.com/nsta/transform-plate- boundaries.shtml  http://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_5.asp  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary  http://geology.com/nsta/transform-plate-boundaries.shtml http://geology.com/nsta/transform-plate-boundaries.shtml  http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/midoceanridge.html http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/midoceanridge.html  http://www.universetoday.com/38568/divergent-boundaries/ http://www.universetoday.com/38568/divergent-boundaries/  http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1968/JB073i004p01279.shtml http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1968/JB073i004p01279.shtml  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge  http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/platetectonics/4.php http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/platetectonics/4.php  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault  http://geology.com/nsta/divergent-plate-boundaries.shtml http://geology.com/nsta/divergent-plate-boundaries.shtml  http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/eas101/unit3/easqa3.html

35.  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mariana+trench&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE- SearchBox&biw=1366&bih=600&tbm=isch&tbnid=X8SO25itZSMtkM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Trench&docid=Rrwdseow3_1vwM&w=250&h=325&ei =dJKUTv-_HrD9sQK3vpzvAQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=110&page=1&tbnh=126&tbnw=98&start=0&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&tx=46&ty=72  http://visual.merriam-webster.com/earth/geology/ocean-trenches-ridges.php http://visual.merriam-webster.com/earth/geology/ocean-trenches-ridges.php  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Trench http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Trench  http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/155513/deep-sea-trench  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=japan+trench&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE- SearchBox&biw=1366&bih=600&tbm=isch&tbnid=MTlosufrKhSVdM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Japan_trench_topographic.png&docid=CBDFlKfgm5_w- M&w=800&h=800&ei=K5mUTvj0H8GysALN_5TvAQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=339&vpy=139&dur=688&hovh=225&hovw=225&tx=135&ty=136&page=1&tbnh=138&tbnw=138&sta rt=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mariana+trench&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&biw=1024&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=- 72G99_4yRdqpM:&imgrefurl=http://infobunch.blogspot.com/2011/05/facts-about-our-planet.html&docid=TwptuOzqu7d07M&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- _ag5FD9BCGA/TdVtZK_VgII/AAAAAAAAABs/KigfhjMRSBE/s1600/Mariana- Trench.jpg&w=400&h=300&ei=TlOYTuuvJM6JsAKUn_CrBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=709&vpy=347&dur=1663&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=168&ty=123&sig=11687577079532047 9579&page=1&tbnh=133&tbnw=169&start=0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:14,s:0 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mariana+trench&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&biw=1024&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=- 72G99_4yRdqpM:&imgrefurl=http://infobunch.blogspot.com/2011/05/facts-about-our-planet.html&docid=TwptuOzqu7d07M&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- _ag5FD9BCGA/TdVtZK_VgII/AAAAAAAAABs/KigfhjMRSBE/s1600/Mariana- Trench.jpg&w=400&h=300&ei=TlOYTuuvJM6JsAKUn_CrBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=709&vpy=347&dur=1663&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=168&ty=123&sig=11687577079532047 9579&page=1&tbnh=133&tbnw=169&start=0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:14,s:0  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mariana+trench+pictures&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=X&biw=1024&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=IaYlwV4Df88kqM:&imgrefurl=http://i liketowastemytime.com/deep-dwellers-marianas- trench&docid=2i9nxRzseAfYAM&imgurl=http://iliketowastemytime.com/sites/default/files/mariana_trench_cutaway.jpg&w=550&h=521&ei=6VOYTreQNe6LsALgnrnbBA &zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=710&vpy=152&dur=404&hovh=218&hovw=231&tx=189&ty=157&sig=116875770795320479579&page=1&tbnh=164&tbnw=173&start=0&ndsp=14&ved =1t:429,r:4,s:0 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mariana+trench+pictures&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=X&biw=1024&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=IaYlwV4Df88kqM:&imgrefurl=http://i liketowastemytime.com/deep-dwellers-marianas- trench&docid=2i9nxRzseAfYAM&imgurl=http://iliketowastemytime.com/sites/default/files/mariana_trench_cutaway.jpg&w=550&h=521&ei=6VOYTreQNe6LsALgnrnbBA &zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=710&vpy=152&dur=404&hovh=218&hovw=231&tx=189&ty=157&sig=116875770795320479579&page=1&tbnh=164&tbnw=173&start=0&ndsp=14&ved =1t:429,r:4,s:0  http://www.cbsnews.com/2300-205_162-10006474-5.html?tag=page;next http://www.cbsnews.com/2300-205_162-10006474-5.html?tag=page;next  http://www.imagegossips.com/2010/10/creatures-of-the-mariana-trench/ http://www.imagegossips.com/2010/10/creatures-of-the-mariana-trench/  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=cartoon+walking&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=N&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&biw=1200&bih=749&tbm=isch&tbnid=Auu2Zfscugv0mM:&imgrefurl=http://www.clipartoday.com/clipart/cartoons/cartoon/cartoon_267083.html&docid=3nW bUpScbAa8vM&imgurl=http://www.clipartoday.com/_thumbs/034/W/Walking_6_tnb.png&w=332&h=350&ei=BruYTpq2B6yEsgKj75W2BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=913&vpy= 271&dur=229&hovh=231&hovw=219&tx=131&ty=156&sig=112669328313932470719&page=2&tbnh=161&tbnw=153&start=15&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:15  http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/extreme2001/mission/location/ridge.html http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/extreme2001/mission/location/ridge.html  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mariana+trench&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&biw=1200&bih=749&tbm=isch&tbnid=DsiOuFUjXvOKoM:&imgrefurl=http://nipunscorp.com/tag/mariana- trench/&docid=SRaXmlOk_wRzLM&imgurl=http://nipunscorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/mariana- trench.jpg&w=468&h=266&ei=JcqYTtzEIsqusQKArKDOBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=828&vpy=215&dur=311&hovh=169&hovw=298&tx=186&ty=85&sig=11163548448895891822 0&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=244&start=0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0  http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://edu.glogster.com/media/5/31/99/98/31999857.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tsmith23.edu.glogster.com/&usg=__9Vauip- fM6v03QHVrk6fqk9meAA=&h=473&w=700&sz=264&hl=en&start=9&zoom=1&tbnid=4JXvKkHi-v-1oM:&tbnh=161&tbnw=231&ei=mMyYTq-oK- GHsgLtt427BA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dunderwater%2Bocean%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26sa%3DX%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en- US:official%26imgrefurl%3Dhttp://www.findit-247.com/photo-gallery/landscape%26imgurl%3Dhttp://www.findit- 247.com/images/photo_gallery/landscapes/Underwater_Ocean.jpg%26w%3D3604%26h%3D2436%26sig%3D108031938144621442254%26ndsp%3D12%26biw%3D1200%26bih%3 D749%26tbs%3Dsimg:CAQSEgkhMxU4X9pSIyFPU919c0_1KGA%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=119&vpy=281&dur=303&hovh=184&hovw=273&tx=186&ty=114&sig= 108031938144621442254&page=1&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0

36.  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=iceland&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&biw=1200&bih=749&tbm=isch&tbnid=w2TuEHsh3LeL4M:&imgrefurl=http://barbarossasblast.blogspot.com/2010/06/621-breathtaking-icelandoh-and- there.html&docid=KHyIL6EdCqwK4M&imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_e2To- yAgaQU/TCERgAFhlTI/AAAAAAAAAd4/qmZcziyciIo/s1600/iceland.jpg&w=1024&h=819&ei=F9qYTo6HIOuAsgLUr- SqBA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=283&sig=106493850796218347142&page=2&tbnh=171&tbnw=195&start=12&ndsp=13&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:12&tx=61&ty=75  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=San+Andreas+fault&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=N&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&biw=1200&bih=749&tbm=isch&tbnid=Dw1rHtXC_jVO5M:&imgrefurl=http://www.nps.gov/pore/naturescience/faults.htm&docid=VMKfFFzQai_8KM&imgurl=http:/ /www.nps.gov/pore/naturescience/images/pic_sanandreasfault_285x285_3.jpg&w=285&h=285&ei=JuaYToibOIrDsQLTkszLBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=260&vpy=99&dur=434& hovh=225&hovw=225&tx=161&ty=134&sig=109997355298110176555&page=2&tbnh=168&tbnw=168&start=17&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:17  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=california+San+Andreas+fault&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&biw=1200&bih=749&tbm=isch&tbnid=UAGxGvzfXmRCoM:&imgrefurl=http://explore.ecb.org/videos/VLC_media%3FP1%3DVLC103%26REFERER%3DOTHER&docid=9 Nm7zfzEshgAyM&imgurl=http://video.ecb.org/badger/download/vlc/images/VLC103_San_Andreas_Fault.jpg&w=640&h=480&ei=mOaYTvGoHqWBsgKautTTBA&zoom=1&iact =hc&vpx=677&vpy=146&dur=57&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=161&ty=102&sig=106392025663565249658&page=3&tbnh=153&tbnw=179&start=45&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:45  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Cascade+Volcanoes&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=N&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1200&bih=749&tbm=isch&tbnid=kXflkUJa- 0fM- M:&imgrefurl=http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Cascades/ImageMaps/CascadeRange/cascade_range.html&docid=CVeYWLVOLo0LzM&imgurl=http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Imgs/Gif/Cascades/Maps/cascade_range.gif&w=763&h=720&ei=fu2YTq6cJMODsgLQ1_y4BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=114&vpy=217&dur=308&hovh=218&hovw=231&tx=84&ty =127&sig=109694944353071415768&page=1&tbnh=162&tbnw=172&start=0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=ocean+floor&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=N&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&biw=1200&bih=749&tbm=isch&tbnid=sKKXwkouz9ijlM:&imgrefurl=http://zerowr.deviantart.com/art/Ocean-Floor- 96504667&docid=UiI53kRMZrNIAM&imgurl=http://fc01.deviantart.net/fs37/f/2008/243/6/b/Ocean_Floor_by_ZeroWR.jpg&w=1024&h=768&ei=s92ZTpDCAe6HsAKbssnTBA&z oom=1&iact=rc&dur=350&sig=106034080360613167101&page=2&tbnh=162&tbnw=199&start=12&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:12&tx=77&ty=99  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Mariana+trench+photos&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=js&sa=N&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&biw=1200&bih=749&tbm=isch&tbnid=YVdmb39plh7vTM:&imgrefurl=http://www.hseindiana.com/21-the-deepest-point-the-mariana- trench.html&docid=S6vcYtk4hhDJ4M&imgurl=http://www.hseindiana.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Mariana-Trench-the-Deepest-Part-of-the-Worlds- Oceans.jpg&w=600&h=419&ei=St6ZTpjeN8yBsgLOg6XRBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=352&vpy=332&dur=627&hovh=188&hovw=269&tx=152&ty=122&sig=100225839224258873021 &page=6&tbnh=161&tbnw=223&start=85&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:85  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=cascade+volcano&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=X&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&biw=1200&bih=749&tbs=isz:l&tbm=isch&tbnid=hrU6QrWg9___qM:&imgrefurl=http://cascadevolcanoes.blogspot.com/&docid=AEU4ZMe4A1r9wM&imgurl=http:// 1.bp.blogspot.com/_hYULki6Yo_0/S_Nk-KyjciI/AAAAAAAAAWo/FOxy9EYhTiE/s1600/CascadeMountains.jpg&w=1024&h=768&ei=mN- ZTvKVJseHsAKtha29BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=401&vpy=421&dur=1316&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=103&ty=101&sig=102664146698713490809&page=3&tbnh=156&tbnw=210&s tart=30&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:30  http://www.google.com/imgres?q=izu+bonin&start=33&num=10&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&biw=1200&bih=749&tbs=isz:l&tbm=isch&tbnid=Lpb7VaYLklbgnM:&imgrefurl=http://chipango.wordpress.com/2010/09/22/the-volcanic-deserts-of- miharayama/&docid=vOLyJGmvXsZ4rM&imgurl=http://chipango.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/100918002532.jpg&w=1000&h=899&ei=X- CZTrXACMWPsQKIsr2pBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=553&vpy=343&dur=258&hovh=213&hovw=237&tx=173&ty=157&sig=114284995777778924760&sqi=2&page=3&tbnh=153&tbn w=175&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:33

37.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgDM6m0 lUGY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgDM6m0 lUGY  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKmJEVZ DI6c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKmJEVZ DI6c