3. Make Good Decisions A Personal and Alcohol Safety Program Designed by UWM Students for UWM Students

4. Overview Personal/Peer Safety Personal/Peer Safety Safe Drinking Practices Safe Drinking Practices Alcohol Poisoning Alcohol Poisoning Know Your Neighbors Know Your Neighbors Peer Pressure Peer Pressure Resources Resources

5. Personal/Peer Safety Don’t be a victim Don’t be a victim Your personal safety is up to you!Your personal safety is up to you! Keep your wits about youKeep your wits about you Know your surroundingsKnow your surroundings Know who you’re withKnow who you’re with A Panther alone is preyA Panther alone is prey Avoid walking alone, esp. at night Avoid walking alone, esp. at night Use friends, BOSS or Safewalkers Use friends, BOSS or Safewalkers

6. UWM Police Tips for Personal Safety See handout for list of personal safety tips See handout for list of personal safety tips For additional safety information and tips: For additional safety information and tips:www4.uwm.edu/safety/

7. Hypothetical Situation You’re at a party at a friend off a friends- You’re at a party at a friend off a friends- Which of the following would you feel comfortable leaving at the party? Which of the following would you feel comfortable leaving at the party? Cell phone?Cell phone? Wallet or purse?Wallet or purse?

8. Hypothetical Situation Would you leave your best friend there alone? Would you leave your best friend there alone?

9. Take Care of a Fellow Panther Stay in packs, don’t leave a fellow Panther behind Stay in packs, don’t leave a fellow Panther behind Keep a porch or alley light on Keep a porch or alley light on Help keep another Panther safeHelp keep another Panther safe Protect your propertyProtect your property Volunteer to be a Neighborhood Watch member Volunteer to be a Neighborhood Watch member

10. General Safety Statistics 1 out of 6 college women have been raped or have been the victim of an attempted rape during the past year 1 out of 6 college women have been raped or have been the victim of an attempted rape during the past year 7 out of 10 rape or sexual assault victims knew their attacker 7 out of 10 rape or sexual assault victims knew their attacker The most vulnerable population for campus rape are freshmen women during the first few months of school The most vulnerable population for campus rape are freshmen women during the first few months of school Robberies and muggings are up Robberies and muggings are up

11. Alcohol Stats Each Year Almost 600,000 college students are unintentionally injured under the influence of alcohol Almost 600,000 college students are unintentionally injured under the influence of alcohol 1,700 college students die from alcohol-related unintentional injuries 1,700 college students die from alcohol-related unintentional injuries More than 97,000 college students are victims of alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape More than 97,000 college students are victims of alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape

12. Alcohol Statistics Each Year Each year almost 700,000 college students are physically assaulted by another student who has been drinking Each year almost 700,000 college students are physically assaulted by another student who has been drinking More than 100,000 college students reported they were too intoxicated to know if they consented to having sex More than 100,000 college students reported they were too intoxicated to know if they consented to having sex 2,100,000 college students reported driving under the influence in the last year 2,100,000 college students reported driving under the influence in the last year

13. UWM Alcohol Data ( UW System AOD Survey 2007) Alcohol use in the past 30 days: Students significantly overestimate the frequency of AOD use by peersStudents significantly overestimate the frequency of AOD use by peers 19% did not use alcohol19% did not use alcohol 40% drank 1-5x in the past month40% drank 1-5x in the past month Only 39% report currently drinking more than the year before they started college (28% report drinking less)Only 39% report currently drinking more than the year before they started college (28% report drinking less)

14. UWM Alcohol Data (cont.) ( UW System AOD Survey 2007) Average number of drinks per week Average number of drinks per week UWM average- 7.4 drinks/weekUWM average- 7.4 drinks/week Males averaged 10.0 drinks Males averaged 10.0 drinks Females averaged 5.1 drinks Females averaged 5.1 drinks

15. UWM Alcohol Data (cont.) However, 13% drinking >= half the daysHowever, 13% drinking >= half the days 55% “binge drink” (5 or more drinks/occasion)55% “binge drink” (5 or more drinks/occasion) 15% once; 15% 2x; 25% 3 or more times in past 2 weeks 15% once; 15% 2x; 25% 3 or more times in past 2 weeks “Typical drinking occasion”“Typical drinking occasion” Average of 6.33 drinks (m=7.75; f=4.99) Average of 6.33 drinks (m=7.75; f=4.99) Average BAC=.103 (m=.100; f=.105)Average BAC=.103 (m=.100; f=.105) 55% at or above BAC of 0.08 55% at or above BAC of 0.08 12% at or above BAC of 0.20 12% at or above BAC of 0.20

16. UWM Alcohol Data (cont.) Problems due to OWN drinking Problems due to OWN drinking 24% performed poorly on a test, important project24% performed poorly on a test, important project 14% in trouble with college authorities14% in trouble with college authorities 15% thought they might have a drinking or other drug problem;15% thought they might have a drinking or other drug problem; 8% unsuccessful with attempts to stop using8% unsuccessful with attempts to stop using 42% had blackouts42% had blackouts 42% did something they later regretted42% did something they later regretted 20% had been hurt or injured20% had been hurt or injured 26% had unprotected sex26% had unprotected sex 11% had experienced unwanted sexual contact11% had experienced unwanted sexual contact 5% seriously thought about suicide due to drinking5% seriously thought about suicide due to drinking

17. UWM Alcohol Data (cont.) Problems due to OTHERS’ drinking Problems due to OTHERS’ drinking 31% had studying interrupted31% had studying interrupted 26% had personal property or environment damaged26% had personal property or environment damaged 18% had class attendance or class activities interfered with18% had class attendance or class activities interfered with 14% rode with an intoxicated driver14% rode with an intoxicated driver 17% were made to feel unsafe17% were made to feel unsafe 13% were prevented from enjoying events13% were prevented from enjoying events 10% were interfered with in other ways (“sleep” was top write in answer)10% were interfered with in other ways (“sleep” was top write in answer)

18. Safe Drinking Practices Practices for those to choose to drink Practices for those to choose to drink Respect the right of those who don’t drink Respect the right of those who don’t drink Whether or not to drink is a personal choice Whether or not to drink is a personal choice

19. Safe Drinking Practices Don’t drink on an empty stomach Don’t drink on an empty stomach Why?Why? Food in the stomach prevents alcohol going into the small intestineFood in the stomach prevents alcohol going into the small intestine In the small intestine it is very efficiently absorbed, more so than in the stomach In the small intestine it is very efficiently absorbed, more so than in the stomach In the stomach, an enzyme ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) metabolizes alcohol to some degree before it can be absorbed In the stomach, an enzyme ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) metabolizes alcohol to some degree before it can be absorbed

20. Safe Drinking Practices Don’t take drinks from strangers Don’t take drinks from strangers You don’t know what’s in it (date rape drug?)You don’t know what’s in it (date rape drug?) Don’t let your drink out of your sight Don’t let your drink out of your sight Same reasonSame reason

21. Safe Drinking Practices Know your personal limits—3 Steps Know your personal limits—3 Steps Calculate your personal BAC (blood alcohol concentration)Calculate your personal BAC (blood alcohol concentration) Experiment to know your personal safe drinking limitExperiment to know your personal safe drinking limit Know about the biphasic effects of alcoholKnow about the biphasic effects of alcohol

22. Safe Drinking Practices Biphasic Effects of Alcohol Biphasic Effects of Alcohol In low doses, alcohol can have STIMULATING effects resulting in a positive experienceIn low doses, alcohol can have STIMULATING effects resulting in a positive experience In higher doses, its effects are DEPRESSANT and sedating, more negative in natureIn higher doses, its effects are DEPRESSANT and sedating, more negative in nature “More is better” doesn’t apply with drinking for most people“More is better” doesn’t apply with drinking for most people

23. Biphasic Effects of Alcohol

24. Identify One’s “Ideal BAC” Establish a starting point for experimentation Establish a starting point for experimentation Research suggests BAC between.055-.06 for those of average tolerances and no other modifying factorsResearch suggests BAC between.055-.06 for those of average tolerances and no other modifying factors See also BAC and associated behaviors handout and at: makegooddecisions.uwm.eduSee also BAC and associated behaviors handout and at: makegooddecisions.uwm.edu Pick a target BAC and calculate the number of drinks for your sex, weight and # of hours drinking to reach that BACPick a target BAC and calculate the number of drinks for your sex, weight and # of hours drinking to reach that BAC

25. Identify One’s “Ideal BAC” (cont) Experiment by drinking to this level Experiment by drinking to this level Those with high tolerances may need 3 weeks or so for tolerances to decrease to experience the possible effects at these BACsThose with high tolerances may need 3 weeks or so for tolerances to decrease to experience the possible effects at these BACs

26. Drink for Quality Many have not really tested the myth of “more is better” Many have not really tested the myth of “more is better” When students experiment, many quickly find that quality of experience is very different than quantity of alcohol When students experiment, many quickly find that quality of experience is very different than quantity of alcohol

27. Be Aware of Alcohol Expectancies What are they? What are they? What students expect to happen when they drinkWhat students expect to happen when they drink What they expect to happen can happen when no alcohol is consumed (placebo effect) What they expect to happen can happen when no alcohol is consumed (placebo effect)

28. Be Aware of Alcohol Expectancies What expectancy effects have been found: What expectancy effects have been found: When students thought they were drinking: When students thought they were drinking: Less social inhibitionLess social inhibition Men felt less socially anxiousMen felt less socially anxious Men also felt more sexual arousalMen also felt more sexual arousal Many women actually reported feeling LESS relaxed and felt more social anxietyMany women actually reported feeling LESS relaxed and felt more social anxiety

29. Alcohol Effects Can Vary When setting one’s BAC and planning drinking, be aware that the same amount of alcohol can have different effects at different times depending on: When setting one’s BAC and planning drinking, be aware that the same amount of alcohol can have different effects at different times depending on: Fatigue levelFatigue level Pre-drinking moodPre-drinking mood Use of medicationsUse of medications Food in stomach before and during drinkingFood in stomach before and during drinking Expectations for alcohol’s effectsExpectations for alcohol’s effects

30. After setting a limit, stick to it Clearly set your limit BEFORE drinking Clearly set your limit BEFORE drinking A limit set after is likely to be higher, or not set at allA limit set after is likely to be higher, or not set at all Count Your Drinks Count Your Drinks Be aware of how quickly your are drinking them Be aware of how quickly your are drinking them Be ready to stand your ground if pressured to drink more Be ready to stand your ground if pressured to drink more Anticipate pressure and how you’ll respondAnticipate pressure and how you’ll respond Develop your best ways of how to say “No”Develop your best ways of how to say “No”

31. Drink Sizes …But I Only Had One!!!

32. …But I Only Had One

33. What’s ONE Drink One standard drink sizes: One standard drink sizes: 12 oz of most domestic beers12 oz of most domestic beers 10 oz of many microbrew beers, wine coolers or malt liquor10 oz of many microbrew beers, wine coolers or malt liquor 5 oz of most table wines5 oz of most table wines 1.5 oz (about 1 shot) of many hard liquors1.5 oz (about 1 shot) of many hard liquors 1.25 oz of 100 proof liquor1.25 oz of 100 proof liquor Approx 0.5 oz of EverclearApprox 0.5 oz of Everclear

34. Avoid Drinks of Unknown Potency Punches can be especially deceiving as high amounts of alcohol are not often noticed Punches can be especially deceiving as high amounts of alcohol are not often noticed Punch and strongly made mixed drinks are popular date rape drinks Punch and strongly made mixed drinks are popular date rape drinks

35. Avoid Drinking Shots It can lead to: It can lead to: Drinking beyond limit before one knows itDrinking beyond limit before one knows it Rapid drinkingRapid drinking Before the first shot is felt, there can be significant amounts of alcohol in the stomachBefore the first shot is felt, there can be significant amounts of alcohol in the stomach Not very fillingNot very filling

36. Avoid Drinking Games Very easy to lose count/not pay attention to how much one’s consuming Very easy to lose count/not pay attention to how much one’s consuming Often harder to “say when” with peers due to pressure Often harder to “say when” with peers due to pressure Once one starts losing, more likely to lose more, esp. in games of skill/coordination Once one starts losing, more likely to lose more, esp. in games of skill/coordination Can be used as date rape games Can be used as date rape games Too easy to too quickly lose control in too many ways Too easy to too quickly lose control in too many ways

37. Alternate Beverages Alternate non-alcohol and alcoholic beverages Alternate non-alcohol and alcoholic beverages Especially when drinking over an extended period of timeEspecially when drinking over an extended period of time One drink per hour will actually lead to gradually increasing BACs over time for most drinkers One drink per hour will actually lead to gradually increasing BACs over time for most drinkers

38. Don’t Drink and Drive Accidents due to alcohol use are the leading cause of death for college aged persons Accidents due to alcohol use are the leading cause of death for college aged persons Legal sanctions for DUI are high Legal sanctions for DUI are high Any BAC for students under 21 are grounds for legal sanctions Any BAC for students under 21 are grounds for legal sanctions

39. Additional Tips Additional tips on “How to Cut Down Your Drinking” see Handout or Additional tips on “How to Cut Down Your Drinking” see Handout or http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/handout.h tm

40. Gender Differences in Response to Alcohol

41. Following gender differences in BACs and alcohol effects based upon research Following gender differences in BACs and alcohol effects based upon research Differences are GROUP differences that are statistically significant Differences are GROUP differences that are statistically significant There are numerous individual exceptions of both genders to these findings There are numerous individual exceptions of both genders to these findings

42. Gender Differences Even when weight is held constant, women will become more intoxicated on the same amount of alcohol Even when weight is held constant, women will become more intoxicated on the same amount of alcohol Men have more ADH in their stomachs (metabolizes alcohol before its absorbed)Men have more ADH in their stomachs (metabolizes alcohol before its absorbed) In general, men have greater percentage of muscle, blood and water content (diluting alcohol and lowering BAC)In general, men have greater percentage of muscle, blood and water content (diluting alcohol and lowering BAC)

43. Gender Differences (cont) -A 120 lb. woman drinking four 12-oz regular beers over a 2-hour period (BAC approx..112) - A 120 lb. man drinking four 12-oz regular beers over a 2-hour period. (BAC approx..088) - A 180 lb. man drinking four 12-oz regular beers over 2-hour period. (BAC approx..044) - A180 lb. man drinking seven 12-oz regular beers over a 4-hour period. (BAC approx..072) - A 120 lb. woman drinking seven 12-oz regular beers over a 4-hour period. (BAC approx..191)

44. Gender Differences (cont) Gender differences in alcohol's effects: Gender differences in alcohol's effects: Sex differences re sexual intent and perception of signals under alcohol’s influence Sex differences re sexual intent and perception of signals under alcohol’s influence Men tend to misperceive women as having more sexual interest in them (over sexualize signals) as men also become more sexually arousedMen tend to misperceive women as having more sexual interest in them (over sexualize signals) as men also become more sexually aroused Women tend to miss signals of sexual interest in them by men (under sexualize signals)Women tend to miss signals of sexual interest in them by men (under sexualize signals)

45. Gender Differences (cont) Gender differences in alcohol's effects on perception of sexual signals Gender differences in alcohol's effects on perception of sexual signals How often does this lead to mixed signals and conflict? How often does this lead to mixed signals and conflict? Is this a contributing factor to sexual assault? Is this a contributing factor to sexual assault?

46. Alcohol Poisoning What is it? What is it? Excessive alcohol intake that depresses breathing or the gag reflex to the point that one risks cessation of breathing or choking on one’s vomit Excessive alcohol intake that depresses breathing or the gag reflex to the point that one risks cessation of breathing or choking on one’s vomit BACs can continue to rise after passing out BACs can continue to rise after passing out

47. Alcohol Poisoning (cont.) What is a lethal BAC? What is a lethal BAC? 50% of persons will die if they reach 0.45; however overdose can happen at 0.30 or even much lower levels if medications are also taken 50% of persons will die if they reach 0.45; however overdose can happen at 0.30 or even much lower levels if medications are also taken

48. Alcohol Poisoning/Overdose Some medications combined with alcohol multiply each others effects, greatly increasing the risk of overdose Some medications combined with alcohol multiply each others effects, greatly increasing the risk of overdose Especially dangerous is combining alcohol and prescription pain meds, other narcotics, “downers”/anxiety meds, or muscle relaxers Especially dangerous is combining alcohol and prescription pain meds, other narcotics, “downers”/anxiety meds, or muscle relaxers

49. Alcohol Poisoning/Overdose (cont.) Increased risk is also associated with combining alcohol with over the counter medications such as cold/allergy meds Increased risk is also associated with combining alcohol with over the counter medications such as cold/allergy meds http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/public ations/Medicine/medicine.htm for a complete list of alcohol/drug interactions http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/public ations/Medicine/medicine.htm for a complete list of alcohol/drug interactions http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/public ations/Medicine/medicine.htm http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/public ations/Medicine/medicine.htm

50. Alcohol Poisoning (cont.) What symptoms should I look for? 1)Person is unconscious or semi- conscious and cannot be awakened 2)Cold, clammy, pale or bluish skin or lips 3)Slow breathing: <8 times/min or irregular with 10 sec or more between breaths 4)Vomiting while ‘sleeping’ or passed out or not waking up after vomiting

51. Alcohol Poisoning (cont.) What should one do? 1) GET HELP IMMEDIATELY-CALL 911 2) Do not leave the person alone 3) Turn the person on their side to prevent choking 4) Attempt to assess if the person took any other drugs to assist medical personnel if their assessment/ treatment

52. Safe Party Hosting Know your neighbors Know your neighbors Be courteousBe courteous Be respectfulBe respectful www.offcampuswwu.com/neighbor.htmlwww.offcampuswwu.com/neighbor.html Inform neighbors of an upcoming party and exchange phone numbers Inform neighbors of an upcoming party and exchange phone numbers Party hosting tips at: Party hosting tips at: www.aux.uwm.edu/nho/NHO_brochures /House_Party_Guide.pdfwww.aux.uwm.edu/nho/NHO_brochures /House_Party_Guide.pdfwww.aux.uwm.edu/nho/NHO_brochures /House_Party_Guide.pdfwww.aux.uwm.edu/nho/NHO_brochures /House_Party_Guide.pdf www.offcampuswwu.com/4a.htmlwww.offcampuswwu.com/4a.htmlwww.offcampuswwu.com/4a.html

53. Attending A Party See guidelines at: See guidelines at: www.offcampuswwu.com/4b.htmlwww.offcampuswwu.com/4b.htmlwww.offcampuswwu.com/4b.html Prevent Getting a Police Citation Prevent Getting a Police Citation Prevent You or Someone Else from Getting Dangerously Intoxicated Prevent You or Someone Else from Getting Dangerously Intoxicated Prevent You or Someone Else from Getting Sexually or Physically Assaulted Prevent You or Someone Else from Getting Sexually or Physically Assaulted If You Are Sexually Assaulted If You Are Sexually Assaulted Tips for Leaving Gracefully Tips for Leaving Gracefully

54. Positive Peer Pressure Good friends don’t let friends… Good friends don’t let friends… This may be critically important when alcohol or other substance use impairs judgment and increases impulsive behaviorThis may be critically important when alcohol or other substance use impairs judgment and increases impulsive behavior Do we intervene if friends are beginning to do things that could ruin their lives? Do we intervene if friends are beginning to do things that could ruin their lives? Do we show positive leadership in the groups of which we are a part? Do we show positive leadership in the groups of which we are a part?

55. Negative Peer Pressure Do we recognize subtle aspects of it? Do we recognize subtle aspects of it? Are we ready to stand up against it? Are we ready to stand up against it? For ourselvesFor ourselves For others in the groupsFor others in the groups Do we know how we can resist it? Do we know how we can resist it? If not, we can learn how to, in a way that fits for usIf not, we can learn how to, in a way that fits for us Periodically review the groups we are in Periodically review the groups we are in Are they consistent with our values?Are they consistent with our values? Do they help us achieve our personal goals?Do they help us achieve our personal goals? If not, look for more positive groupsIf not, look for more positive groups

56. UWM and Other Resources

57. E-CHUG e-CHUG.uwm.edu

58. E-CHUG www.e-CHUG.uwm.edu Gives feedback in the key areas that have been correlated with later alcoholism for college-aged students Gives feedback in the key areas that have been correlated with later alcoholism for college-aged students Other personally relevant drinking info Other personally relevant drinking info Designed for college student populations Designed for college student populations Research has shown its effectiveness in reducing harmful drinking Research has shown its effectiveness in reducing harmful drinking Anonymous/confidential/non-threatening Anonymous/confidential/non-threatening

59. UWM AODA Resources Self-Assessment- e-CHUG.uwm.eduSelf-Assessment- e-CHUG.uwm.edu Norris Health Center- (AODA & Mental Health)Norris Health Center- (AODA & Mental Health) Paul Dupont Norris Counseling Unit 229-4716- Individual and group counslg. Paul Dupont Norris Counseling Unit 229-4716- Individual and group counslg. BASICS (Alcohol) Program- BASICS (Alcohol) Program- Colleen Bernstein 229-6668Colleen Bernstein 229-6668 Laura Stuart 229-2919Laura Stuart 229-2919 UWM Police Alcohol Diversion ProgramUWM Police Alcohol Diversion Program For first UWM issued underage drinking ticket 229-4627 For first UWM issued underage drinking ticket 229-4627

60. Other AODA Resources Support Groups Narcotics Anonymous (NA)Narcotics Anonymous (NA) www.wisconsinna.org www.wisconsinna.org Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) www.aamilwaukee.com www.aamilwaukee.com SMART Recovery- Professionally facilitated groups and online groupsSMART Recovery- Professionally facilitated groups and online groups www.smartrecovery.org www.smartrecovery.org Women for SobrietyWomen for Sobriety www.womenforsobriety.org www.womenforsobriety.org www.womenforsobriety.org Online- www.rationalrecovery.orgOnline- www.rationalrecovery.org

61. Other Resources MakeGoodDecisions.uwm.edu: link to BAC calculator, resource links, alcohol and other safety information, tips for on how to help a friend and for safer drinking; personal stories. MakeGoodDecisions.uwm.edu: link to BAC calculator, resource links, alcohol and other safety information, tips for on how to help a friend and for safer drinking; personal stories. See list of various other community AODA assessment and treatment options on handout See list of various other community AODA assessment and treatment options on handout http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publicatio ns/Medicine/medicine.htm Information about which medications are unsafe when combined with alcohol http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publicatio ns/Medicine/medicine.htm Information about which medications are unsafe when combined with alcohol http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publicatio ns/Medicine/medicine.htm http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publicatio ns/Medicine/medicine.htm

62. Help Others to Stay Safe, Have Fun and

63. This Project is Now in YOUR Hands! How Will You Take This Information Forward?

64. How Can You Take This Forward? An educational/training program as a whole An educational/training program as a whole Part of this content as a mini- educational/awareness program Part of this content as a mini- educational/awareness program Market some of the concepts (e.g. safe drinking practices) in posters/articles/flyers Market some of the concepts (e.g. safe drinking practices) in posters/articles/flyers One-time or series (e.g. safety “tip of the month”)One-time or series (e.g. safety “tip of the month”)

65. How Can You Take This Forward? Market makegooddecisions.uwm.edu website Market makegooddecisions.uwm.edu website Informal discussions with other students Informal discussions with other students Promo items to foster discussion Promo items to foster discussion Other ideas Other ideas

66. Evaluation We need it for our funding source We need it for our funding source We need to know what works and what doesn’t work We need to know what works and what doesn’t work Evaluate your program(s) Evaluate your program(s) How many attended?How many attended? Post-test evaluations important (in packet)Post-test evaluations important (in packet) Post-tests can be modified to fit the content/goals of your programPost-tests can be modified to fit the content/goals of your program Contact Paul Dupont at 229-2927 or pdupont@uwm.edu Contact Paul Dupont at 229-2927 or pdupont@uwm.edu