2. Which organelle produces most of the energy needed by a cell? A. mitochondria B. chloroplasts C. ribosomes D. Golgi bodies 1

3. A. mitochondria And the answer is…

4. In what type of cells would you expect to find a lot of mitochondria? A. skin cells B. blood cells C. bone cells D. muscle cells 2

5. D. muscle cells And the answer is…

6. Which of the following is NOT a similarity between plant and animal cells. A. both contain ribosomes to produce proteins B. both contain chloroplasts to capture energy from the sun and convert it to food C. both contain chromatin that contain genetic information for the cell D. both contain a nucleolus where ribosomes are made 3

7. B. both contain chloroplasts to capture energy from the sun and convert it to food And the answer is…

8. Name two structures that are not found in the cell shown here but are found in plant cells. A. cell wall, chloroplasts B. cell wall, chromatin C. nucleolus, chloroplasts D. lysomes, nucleolus 4

9. A. cell wall, chloroplasts And the answer is…

10. What term means the smallest unit that is able to perform the basic functions of life? 5

11. cells And the answer is…

12. Which structure listed is responsible for direction of all of the cell’s activities? A. A B. B C. C D. D 6

13. D. D And the answer is…

14. What term means a structure that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a particular function? 7

15. organ And the answer is…

16. What term means an individual living thing made up of one or many cells that is capable of growing and reproducing? 8

17. organism And the answer is…

18. What is the function of a cell membrane A. to protect and support the cell B. to perform different functions in each cell C. to control what enters and leaves the cell D. to form a hard covering for the cell 9

19. C. to control what enters and leaves the cell And the answer is…

20. Which organelle is the control center of a cell? A. mitochondria B. ribosome C. chloroplast D. nucleus 10

21. D. nucleus And the answer is…

22. What term means a group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job? 11

23. tissue And the answer is…

24. Two forms of the same gene are known as A.Alleles B.Chromosomes C.Genotypes D.Sex cells 12

25. A. Alleles And the answer is…

26. Long, thin fibers that carry information that controls the cell’s activities are A.Nucleic acids B.Dominant traits C.Recessive traits D.chromosomes 13

27. D. chromosomes And the answer is…

28. If you cross a white flower (with genotype pp) with a purple flower (with the genotype PP), the possible genotypes and phenotypes possible are A.PP B.Pp C.Purple flowers D.White flowers E.A and B only F.B and C only G.A, B and C only H.A, B, C and D only 14

29. F. B and C only And the answer is…

30. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is A.Probability B.Heredity C.Recessive D.Meiosis 15

31. B. Heredity And the answer is…

32. B is for brown eyes and b is for blue eyes. Cross a heterozygous with a homozygous recessive. What is the percentage of the offspring that are heterozygous? A.25% B.50 % C.75% D.0% 16

33. B. 50 % And the answer is…

34. H is for hairy fingers and h is for non-hairy fingers. Cross a heterozygous with a heterozygous. What are the phenotypes and genotypes? A.HH, hairy fingers B.Hh non-hairy fingers C.hh, non-hairy fingers D.Hh, hairy fingers E.A and B only F.B and D only G.A, B and C only H.A, B and D only I.A, C, and D only 17

35. I. A, C, and D only And the answer is…

36. If you cross two rabbits that have the genotype Bb, what are the possible genotypes for the offspring? A.BB B.bb C.Bb D.bB E.A and B only F.A, B and C only G.A, B and D only H.A, C and D only I.B, C and D only J.A, B, C and D only 18

37. F. A, B and C only And the answer is…

38. What is the part of a chromosome that carries information for a specific trait called? A.Nucleic acid B.Gene C.Genotype D.Phenotype 19

39. B. Gene And the answer is…

40. A zygote is A. A male reproductive cell B. A female reproductive cell C. A newly formed cell after the union of a sperm and egg D. Both male and female reproductive cells 20

41. C. A newly formed cell after the union of a sperm and egg And the answer is…

42. Identify the statement that best states the difference between dominant and recessive traits. A.Recessive traits show up more often than dominant traits. B.Recessive traits show up as often as dominant traits. C.Recessive traits show up less often than dominant traits. D.Recessive and dominant traits are the same. 21

43. C. Recessive traits show up less often than dominant traits. And the answer is…

44. T is for thin lips and t is for full lips. Cross a homozygous dominant with a heterozygous. Identify the percentage of offspring with thin lips and the correct genotypes for thin lips. Choose all that apply. A.TT B.Tt C.50% D.100% 22

45. A, B, and D And the answer is…

46. 23 A population of mice is evenly divided into two groups, and each group is placed on an isolated island with no existing mouse population. Which statement best explains the difference in the mouse populations on Island A and Island B at the end of 20 years? A.On Island A, the allele for gray fur was dominant, while on Island B, the allele for brown fur was dominant. B.More brown mice were in the half of the original population that was sent to Island B than in the group sent to Island A. C.Conditions on Island B favored the brown-furred individuals, while both fur colors were evenly advantaged on Island A. D.The recapturing of mice on Island A and Island B was done differently.

47. C. Conditions on Island B favored the brown-furred individuals, while both fur colors were evenly advantaged on Island A. And the answer is…

48. 24 The base sequence of nucleotides in a DNA strand that compliments the DNA base sequence ACGAT is A.TGCTA B. ACGAT C.CGCTA D.TGCAT

49. A.TGCTA And the answer is…

50. 25 In a plant that has red flowers, red flower color, R, is completely dominant to white flower color, r. If the plant is heterozygous for flower color, which alleles will be carried by the gametes it produces? A.R and r B.R only C.r only D.Rr only

51. A. R and r And the answer is…

52. 26 In pigeons, the allele for normal feathers (F) is dominant to the allele for frizzy feathers (f). If a purebred, normal-feathered bird (FF) is crossed with a frizzy-feathered (ff) bird how many different feather phenotypes are possible in the offspring? A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4

53. A. 1 And the answer is…

54. 27 In humans, the allele for unattached earlobes (L) is dominant to the allele for attached earlobes (l). Based on the diagram, an offspring with attached earlobes is indicated in A.Box 1 B.Box 4 C.Boxes 2 and 3 D.Boxes 1, 2, and 3

55. B. Box 4 And the answer is…

56. 28 Which is an example of an acquired trait? A.Eye color B.Hair color C.Blood type D.Ability to read

57. And the answer is…

58. 29 The unit of heredity that determines a particular trait is known as A.Chromosome B. a gamete C.A gene D.A phenotype

59. C. A gene And the answer is…

60. 30 A human female would have which set of sex chromosomes? A.XX B.YY C.XY D.XxYy

61. A. XX And the answer is…

62. 31 If one copy of a dominant allele is present in a genotype, then the trait is A.Expressed in the phenotype B.Not expressedi n the phenotype C.Partially expressed in the phenotype D.Not expressed in an offspring’s phenotype

63. A. Expressed in the phenotype And the answer is…

64. 32 In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant, and the allele for brown fur (b) is recessive. If a BB male mates with a Bb female, what percentage of offspring are likely to have black fur? A.100 percent B.75 percent C.50 percent D.25 percent

65. A. 100 percent And the answer is…

66. 33 If one parent has two dominant alleles and another parent has two recessive alleles, the offspring will have A.The recessive phenotype B.The dominant phenotype C.Two dominant alleles D.Two recessive alleles

67. B. The dominant phenotype And the answer is…

68. 34 Cells that contain half the usual number of chromosomes are A.Fertilized egg cells B.Gametes C.Alleles D.Diploid cells

69. B. Gametes And the answer is…

70. 35 The process that produces haploid (1n) cells is known as A.Mitosis B.Reproduction C.Meiosis D.Fertilization

71. C. Meiosis And the answer is…

72. 36 What happens when fertilization occurs? A. Two 2n cells combine in a new cell B. Two 1n cells combine into a new cell C. Two 2n daughter cells are produced D. Two 1n daughter cells are produced

73. B. Two 1n cells combine into a new cell And the answer is…

74. 37 Which does not occur during meiosis? A.Four haploid daughter cells are produced. B.Two diploid daughter cells are produced. C.Only cells that are gametes are produced. D.Daughter cells are produced that contain half the chromosomes of the parent cell.

75. B. Two diploid daughter cells are produced. And the answer is…

76. 38 Genes are sequences of DNA, which are made up of A.Nucleotides B.Chromosomes C.Phosphates D.Ribosomes

77. A. Nucleotides And the answer is…

78. 39 What happens during replication? A.DNA is copied. B.RNA is copied. C.Ribosomes are made D.Proteins are made.

79. A.DNA is copied. And the answer is…

80. 40 Which base is found only in RNA? A.Thymine B.Guanine C.Thymine D.Uracil

81. And the answer is…

82. 41 The main function of mRNA in protein synthesis is to A.Transfer amino acids to a ribosome B.Carry proteins to the ribosome C.Transcribe genes from DNA D.Connect nucleotides together

83. C. Transcribe genes from DNA And the answer is…

84. 42 Proteins are made up of a sequence of A.Chromosomes B.Amino acids C.Nucleotides D.Base pairs

85. B. Amino acids And the answer is…

86. 43 Mutations are changes in A.DNA B.The cell cycle C.tRNA D.Proteins

87. A. DNA And the answer is…

88. 44 Which is a known cause of genetic mutations? A.Poor nutrition B.Malaria C.UV radiation D.Cancer

89. C. UV radiation And the answer is…

90. 45 A pedigree shows A.How proteins are synthesized B.How members of a family are related C.Where mutations are located in a sequence of DNA D.Which triplet of bases matches up with a particular amino acid.

91. B. How members of a family are related And the answer is…

92. 46 The main goal of the Human Genome Project was to A.Find cures for genetic diseases B.Find all mutations in human DNA C.Count the number of genes in human DNA D.Sequence all DNA on human chromosomes

93. And the answer is…

94. 47 Genetic engineering involves A.Inserting changed DNA into an organism B.Cross-breeding plants C.Testing new medicines for genetic diseases D.Using x-rays to change DNA

95. A. Inserting changed DNA into an organism And the answer is…

96. 48 What percentage of pea plants showed the dominant phenotype? A.100 % B.75 % C.50 % D.25 %

97. B. 75 % And the answer is…

98. 49 What percentage of pea plants showed the recessive phenotype? A.100 % B.75% C.50% D.25%

99. And the answer is…

100. 50 What is the genotype of the dwarf pea plants? A.DD B.Dd C.dd D.Cannot tell

101. C. dd And the answer is…

102. 51 What are the possible genotypes of the regular pea plants? A.DD and dd B.DD and Dd C.Dd and dd D. cannot tell

103. B. DD and Dd And the answer is…

104. 52 What are the genotypes of the parents? A.Dd and dd B.DD and Dd C.Dd and Dd D.dd and dd

105. C. Dd and Dd And the answer is…

106. 53 Which statement is true, based on the data in the chart? A.If both parents were Dd, then none of the offspring would be dwarf. B.If both parents were DD, then none of the offspring would be dwarf. C.If one parent were Dd and the other were dd, then none of the offspring would be regular. D.If one parent were DD and the other parent were dd, then none of the offspring would be regular.

107. B. If both parents were DD, then none of the offspring would be dwarf. And the answer is…