1. EN PARLIAMENT THE CROWN & IT PARLAIMENT

2. EN :Functions Approve laws Organize the financial means so that the Government could do its functions. Control the activity of the Government and of the administration Discuss the themes on the agenda

3. IT: Functions exercise of legislative power= power to enact laws votes support to the Government(appointed by the President of the Republic) Support The Government (It must receive the support vote by both Houses before being officially in power) Discuss the themes on the agenda Review the constitution

4. EN:The English Parliament Composition :  House of Commons  House of Lords  Sovereign Site : Westminster Meetings :  The Houses usually execute their functions separately  They meet only in symbolical occasions (for example the opening of the parliamentary session)

5. IT: The Italian Parliament Composition:  Chamber of Deputies  Senate of the Republic  President of the Republic Site:  Chamber of Deputies=Palazzo Montecitorio  Senate of the Republic=Palazzo Madama Meeting:  To elect the President of the Republic

6. EN: Imperfect bicameralism House of Commons:  Decision body  Between It and the Government there is a trust indenture House of Lords:  It isn’t representative  Its powers are limited  Chamber of second-thought (It can only delay the approval of laws)

7. IT: Perfect Bicameralism The Republican Constitution of 1948 establishes that:  Chamber of Deputies  Senate of the Republic Possess same rights and powers

8. EN: House of Lords Composition:  PRESIDENT: Lord Chancellor (Justice Minister and Prime Judge of the Kingdom)  733 COMPONENTS: 588 Life Lords (nominated by the sovereign) 25 Spiritual Lords (bishops of the Anglican Church) 92 Lords for “rights of blood” 28 Judicial Lords (Law Lords) House of Lords = Court of Law Constitutional Reform Act 2005: Creation of a Supreme Court of U.K. BUT

9. EN: House of Commons Elections: every 5 years - universal suffrage Composition:  659 members  PRESIDENT: impartial Speaker  Parliamentary Commissions : Standing commissions (specific competences, legislative function) Selected commissions (control the Government)

10. IT: Electoral System The present electoral system, approved on December 14, 2005 establishes that: Italy is divided into a certain number of districts for:  the Chamber of Deputies  the Senate Each district is assigned a number of seats, where you can vote You choose between lists of candidates (are ranked in order of priority) Each list is awarded seats based on its percentage of the vote in the district

11. IT:Senate of the Republic Has 315 members (senatori)  Plus a small number of life senators The constituencies correspond to the 20 regions of Italy There are also 6 senators allocated for Italians living abroad

12. IT: Chamber of Deputies Has 630 members (deputati) Italy is divided into 26 constituencies:  Lombardy has three constituencies  Piedmont, Veneto, Latium, Campania, and Sicily each have two  all other regions have one  12 are elected by a constituency consisting of Italians living abroad

13. House of Commons “Architectonic structure” Other Countries’ Parliament Semi-cycle House of Commons Parallel lines Debate between majority and opposition

14. The sessions Parliamentary life is organised into sessions (DURATION: 1 year / about 160 meetings) Development  The Government tells its political program  Queen’s speech  new bills  Discussion  Voting APPROBATION REFUSAL: the Premier can:  resign  dismiss the House of Commons

15. EN:The approbation of the laws Government + House of Commons House of Lords Sovrano Bill ed approbation Second thought and approbation Royal Assent

16. IT: The approval of the law A bill is discussed in one of the Houses and… approvedrejected Passes to the other House, which can approverejectApprove with amendments The text is promulgated by the President of the Republic It Passes back to the originating House, which can approvereject

17. Legislative Process Bill:  Can be proposed by every member of the Parliament  Decay at the end of every session Examined by the House of Commons Ancient procedure: 3 readings Take into consideration Debate on the general principles Detailed exam Examined by the House of Lords (similar procedure)

18. Control of the executive Interrogations the commissions interrogate the ministers about themes of public interest QUESTION TIME the opposition is allowed to discuss and criticize the Government’s work The Prime Minister answers from the public TV twice a week

19. The crown Histoy of British constitution  affirmation of the monarchic form (Republic only from 1649 to 1660) Queen  Head of State  Symbol of national unity  Chief of the executive and of Justice  Important role in the legislative power  Chief of the army  Chief of the Anglican Church

20. Limits of the monarchic power Limits:  Act only on propose of the ministers  The Queen cannot act alone  Consent of a minister Effective powers :  Right of: Being consulted Encourage Admonish  In rare cases: She can name the Premier She can dismiss the House of Commons