1. DO NOW – PAGE 106  DO NOW!!! Color your map –  1 color for free states / territories  1 color for slave states/territories  Draw and label the Missouri Compromise Line  COLOR PENCILS AND MARKERS ARE IN THE BACK OF THE ROOM!!!

2. 10/11 September

3. Cultural Differences NorthSouth  Increasingly Urban – people migrated from farms to cities for economic opportunities.  Economy, workshops, factories, and mills produced large amounts of manufactured goods.  20,000 miles of rail lines that connected the cities and factories of the Northeast with farming regions of the Midwest.  Most Immigrants would settle in the North.  Still predominantly rural; most population lived on small farms or large plantations.  Economy had little industry; economy was based on exports of agricultural exports (rice, corn, and cotton).  Invested much less in transportation and had only half as many rail lines.  Relied on rivers for transportation.

4. Compromises  Missouri Compromise of 1820  Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state.  Maine would enter the Union as a free state.  Drew a line across the Louisiana Territory at 36/30.  North of that line slavery would be banned.  South of the line slavery would be permitted.  Compromise of 1850  Admitted California into the Union as a free state.  Divided the rest of the Southwest into two territories.  New Mexico and Utah  Opened both to slavery.  Ended the slave trade in Washington, D.C. but allowed existing slaveholders to keep their slaves.  Fugitive Slave Law – required the return of escaped slaves to their owners.

5. Bleeding Kansas  Congress introduced a bill to organize the Great Plains for settlement.  Kansas and Nebraska were organized on the basis of popular sovereignty.  Popular Sovereignty - rule by the people; voters in the territories would decide whether to permit slavery.  Each side would send in agitators to fight for their cause.

6. Dred Scott Decision  Dred Scott and his wife were slaves however they lived for several years in the free territory of Wisconsin with their owner.  The Scotts argued that since they lived in a free territory they should be free citizens.  Scott v Sandford made the Court face two questions; 1) Did slaves have the right to bring a case before a federal court? And 2) Did the Scott’s stay in Wisconsin make them free?  The court ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizen of Missouri based on their Constitution and is not entitled to sue in Court.  Scott was property of his owner which is protected by the Fifth Amendment (protection of private property).  Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional by establishing territories which prohibited a citizen from holding or owning property.

7. Election of 1860  Abe Lincoln was part of the new Republican Party that took a firm stand against the Fugitive Slave Law and the Kansas – Nebraska Act.  Had an easy path to victory when the democrats would split the ticket based on Northern / Southern factions.  Abe won the presidency with less than 40 percent of the vote; his name would not appear on the ballot in many Southern States.  Tried to Calm the South stating he would not interfere with slavery in the South and he would support the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law.  He would refuse to support the extension of slavery to the western territories.

9. Advantages of the Union and the Confederacy UnionConfederacy  Superior Resources  Twice as many citizens  Diverse economy  More farm production and factories.  Naval forces  Railroad lines for moving troops and supplies.  Fighting a defensive war on their own soil.  Outstanding military Leadership

10. Anaconda Plan  Union would set up a Naval Blockade stopping sea traffic in and out of Southern ports.  Union Navy would take control of the Mississippi River (separating Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas)  Union Army would move east to squeeze the life out of the Deep South.  Union forces would invade Virginia and capture the Confederate capital of Richmond.

11. Challenges Facing the Leaders Lincoln’s Challenges Davis’ Challenges  Suspended Habeas Corpus in Maryland  Lacking sufficient volunteers Congress enacted a military draft.  For $300 a man who did not want to serve could buy his way out or he could hire a replacement to serve.  Passed a draft law  Rich plantation owners could avoid military service.  How to pay for the war while not tanking the Southern economy.  Inflation skyrocketed.

12. New Weapons / Techniques  Rifled Musket  Improved Cannons with explosive shells  Poor military tactics.  Medical care

13. Emancipation Proclamation  Declared all slaves living in states “in rebellion against the United States” to be forever free.  Slaves living in areas loyal to or under Union control were not affected.

14. Important Battles