1. What Is Happening in China on Climate Change?
International Workshop on Future Climate Change Policy
August 6-9, 2006, Sao Paulo, Brazil
What Is Happening in China on Climate Change?
LI Liyan and LU Xuedu
BASIC China Team

2. Outline China’s Present Situation Policies and Actions in China
Building Together for Another Future

3. Changes of Annual Average Temperature in China (1951-2001)
Vulnerability to adverse impact of climate change
Changes of Annual Average Temperature in China ( )
Source: CMA, 2005
（中国气象局国家气候中心）
Temperature increase observed with past half century in most areas, particularly in northern China

4. Changes of Annual precipitation in China (1956-2002)
Vulnerability to adverse impact of climate change
Changes of Annual precipitation in China ( )
（中国气象局国家气候中心）
Source: CMA, 2005
Precipitation increased in southern and western China but decreased in most areas in north and north-east of China

5. Selected Indicators Related to Climate Change Mitigation (2004)
Population
1297 million
Population below poverty standard*
~30 million
GDP (current US$)
$1649 billion
GDP per capita (current US$)
$1272
Annual GDP growth
10.1%
Energy consumption
2032 Mtce
Energy consumption per capita
1.56 tce
Energy mix
Coal 67.7%, Oil 22.7%
Gas 2.6%, others 7.0%
Energy related CO2 emissions (2002)
1032MtC
CO2 Emissions per capita (2002)
0.8tC
CO2 emissions per GDP (2002)
0.75kgC/$
Source: WB, China Statistic Yearbook, WRI-CAIT

6. Share of Global Energy CO2 Emissions (2002)
Source: WRI-CAIT

7. Distribution of GHG Emissions from China in 2000
Energy Sector
Source: WRI-CAIT

8. Projected Energy Demand to 2020, 2030, 2050
2225
1386
Rapid industrialization and urbanization are the key drivers of emissions growth
Source: CASS, 2006

9. CDM Engagement registered project by host party

10. 2. Policy and Actions
The first National Communication (NC) including country GHG inventories 1994 has submitted.
China is applying GEF for financial support to formulate its second NC.
National climate change strategy are under formulation and will be issued for implementation soon.
Sustainable development policies and measures that are in line with climate change convention goals are taken as the national development strategy.

11. 20% Energy Intensity Reduction Target
the 11th Five Year Plan ( )
20% Energy Intensity Reduction Target
t/10000yuan
(1980 price)
In 1980 prices
Source: CASS, 2006
For the first time, controlling CO2 emissions is specified as one of the goals for the country over the next 5 years.

12. National Objectives for Energy Diversification by 2020
Renewable Energy
11th Five-year Plan: 30 large scale wind farms with the capacity of 100Mw; Grid-connected wind and biomass will reach 5 Gw and 5.5 Gw respectively.
Medium and Long term National Planning of Renewable Development: renewable energy supply Mtce, about 1/7 of primary energy consumption, installation capacity of renewable energy30% of the total generation capacity.
Wind power: Over 60 wind farm in 15 provinces, installed capacity 504MW in 2005

13. Deployment of Renewables Energy
Law of Renewable Energy issued in Jan. 2005, specific measures including financial and economic incentives are under consideration
Solar thermal: Production capacity 15 million m2,
annual increase rate 28%
Solar PV: Installed capacity over 70 MW, annual market growth 20%
Small hydropower: over 60,000 stations of installed capacity 50GW in rural area
Biomass: 17 million household biogas digesters, over 1,600 industrial-scale biogas plants, two ethanol fuel production bases, about 500,000 tons bio-oils produced, biomass power installed capacity 2,000 MW

14. National Objectives for Energy Diversification by 2020
Nuclear power
capacity installation for operation 40 GW, 4% of total generation capacity, 6% of total electricity production
Natural gas
With optimistic estimates, production will increase from 39 billion m3 in 2004 to 200 billion m3 in 2020.
Da Ya Wan nuclear power station in Guangdong
Talimu gas field in Xinjiang

15. National CDM Fund -the First Carbon-driven Fund in China
Sources: charges on CERs from CDM projects, particularly HFC-23 projects 65% to be charged;
Objectives: helping national wide actions to address climate change including,
Research and training for capacity building
Mitigation & adaptation activities
Facilitating preparation of CDM project
Other climate change related activities

16. 3. Building together for Prosperous Future
The Government of China has stressed: “scientific development focusing on human-centered, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, to promote the integrated development of economy, society and humanity”.
Weather and climate affect every aspect of people’s lives and wellbeing, and strongly affect our ability to achieve national sustainable development goals and policies (economic, social and environmental).
Mainstreaming climate change policy into sustainable development strategy

17. International Cooperation
UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol
Asia-Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (AP6)
6 members: US, Australia, Japan, South Korea, China and India
8 public-private sector taskforces: to prepare a work plan and identify flagship projects
Funding announced: Australia A$100m over 5 years, US US$52m for 2007
G8 + 5
China-EU
Other bilateral and multilateral mechanisms (China-Canada, China-Japan, China-Brazil, China-India, China-Australia, China-USA, ……)

18. Climate Change Mitigation Potential Projected
Energy demand will be reduced by 27% (1708Mtce) in 2050 by technology and policy scenario compared with baseline scenario in China.
CO2 emission will be reduced by 39% (1263Mt-C)in 2050 by
technology and policy scenario compared with baseline scenario in China
Source: ERI, 2005

19. Engagement of Social Actors
Government
CC &SD
Costs
Regulation
New business
Reputation
Competitiveness
of Company
Civil society (NGOs, Scientific communities, etc.)
Business
NGOs promote 26℃ Energy Saving Action for Air Conditioner every summer

20. Individuals also have a role to play
One-off consumables in hotel
waste Food
over-packed moon cake
3R (Reduction, Reuse and Recycling) to build a more resources efficient and environmental friendly society

21. China’ Position Towards a post-2012 Regime
Following the principle of Common but differentiated responsibilities
Addressing Climate change under the framework of sustainable development
Taking Technology transfer and cooperation as a key to address climate change
Paying equal attention to mitigation and adaptation
Intensifying international cooperation

22. China is towards achieving sustainable future with the world.
Thank
you !