1. Collectivisation of Agriculture For Russia to modernise Russia had to grow more. By doing this Russia could sell the grain to but foreign machinery. The farms, however were backward and had to be joined together. This was called collectivisation (copy) You will learn – How collectivisation worked What happened to the peasants What happened to the countryside.

2. The old fashioned small farms were turned into large ones called collectives. Instead of selling their food and animals for a profit the peasants were forced to work for a fixed wage. New machinery appeared on the farms. Machine tractor stations (MTS) were set up and advisors were sent out to the farms to tell the farmers what to do. However the richer peasants called Kulaks did not like this and burned their crops and killed their cattle rather than give them to the government. Now attempt these questions. – Source A is from Soviet newspaper.1935 “Everywhere things were better. The peasants are paid a wage for what they produce. The new large farms produce more food because there are advisors and new machinery” How useful is Source A as evidence of what happened under collectivisation? 3 To what extent does source A explain what happened under collectivisation? 4 You must use evidence from the source and your own knowledge

3. What happened to the richer peasants (kulaks) under collectivisation? This KU question came from the 2008 general paper “Since the death of Lenin, Stalin had been building up his control of the Communist Party. In the winter of 1929 he began the policy of combining farms called collectivisation. Many wealthier peasants or Kulaks resented this. Stalin’s soldiers shot peasants who were resisting collectivisation. Poor peasants were encouraged to denounce these wealthier peasants as kulaks. Any Kulak could be sent to prison.” Describe the ways in which Stalin treated the Kulaks. 4

4. Source A is from a young communist, who took part in the collectivisation of a Russian village. “A large crowd gathered outside the building. It was like a scene form a nightmare. In the background soldiers with revolvers drawn guarded about 20 old and young Kulaks. A number of women and children were weeping hysterically. So this was how the Kulaks were to be wiped out. A lot of simple peasants were being sent to some distant labour camp.” Source C is from a speech by Stalin. “We must smash the Kulaks. We must strike at the kulaks so hard as to prevent them rising to their feet again. We must show no mercy and wipe them out as a social class.” To what extent do the sources agree on the treatment of the Kulaks? 4 How useful is source A as evidence of how collectivisation was carried out?3

5. Results of Collectivisation Grain (million tons) Cattle (million) Pigs (millions) Sheep (millions) 192971.767.120.4147.0 193368.438.412.150.2 What were the results of collectivisation then?