1. Chapter 35 America in World War II, 1941–1945

2. 35 | 2 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question Executive Order No. 9066 authorized the War Department to a)end segregation in military industries. b)remove Japanese from their homes. c)desegregate the armed forces. d)deport German and Italian citizens suspected of spying for their native lands.

3. 35 | 3 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer Executive Order No. 9066 authorized the War Department to a)end segregation in military industries. b)remove Japanese from their homes. (correct) c)desegregate the armed forces. d)deport German and Italian citizens suspected of spying for their native lands. Hint: See page 876.

4. 35 | 4 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question All of the following were true of the Smith-Connally Anti- Strike Act EXCEPT a)it was passed because threats of lost production through strikes became so worrisome. b)strikes against any government-operated industry were made a capital offense. c)under the act, Washington took over the coal mines and, for a brief period, the railroads. d)work stoppages actually accounted for less than 1 percent of the total working hours of the United States’ wartime laboring force.

5. 35 | 5 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer All of the following were true of the Smith-Connally Anti- Strike Act EXCEPT a)it was passed because threats of lost production through strikes became so worrisome. b)strikes against any government-operated industry were made a capital offense. (correct) c)under the act, Washington took over the coal mines and, for a brief period, the railroads. d)work stoppages actually accounted for less than 1 percent of the total working hours of the United States’ wartime laboring force. Hint: See page 880.

6. 35 | 6 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question All of the following were true of the War Production Board EXCEPT a)massive military orders were unable to soak up the idle industrial capacity of the still-lingering Great Depression. b)it assigned priorities for transportation and access to raw materials. c)the government imposed a national speed limit and gasoline rationing in order to conserve rubber and built fifty-one synthetic-rubber plants. d)it halted the manufacture of nonessential items such as passenger cars.

7. 35 | 7 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer All of the following were true of the War Production Board EXCEPT a)massive military orders were unable to soak up the idle industrial capacity of the still-lingering Great Depression. (correct) b)it assigned priorities for transportation and access to raw materials. c)the government imposed a national speed limit and gasoline rationing in order to conserve rubber and built fifty-one synthetic-rubber plants. d)it halted the manufacture of nonessential items such as passenger cars. Hint: See page 880.

8. 35 | 8 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question All of the following were true of the Office of Price Administration EXCEPT a)prior to its inception, full employment and scarce consumer goods fueled a sharp inflationary surge in 1942. b)it never brought ascending prices under control, despite extensive regulations. c)rationing held down the consumption of critical goods such as meat and butter. d)some “black marketeers” and “meatleggers” cheated the system.

9. 35 | 9 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer All of the following were true of the Office of Price Administration EXCEPT a)prior to its inception, full employment and scarce consumer goods fueled a sharp inflationary surge in 1942. b)it never brought ascending prices under control, despite extensive regulations. (correct) c)rationing held down the consumption of critical goods such as meat and butter. d)some “black marketeers” and “meatleggers” cheated the system. Hint: See page 880.

10. 35 | 10 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question The National War Labor Board imposed a)floors on wage increases. b)ceilings on overtime pay. c)ceilings on wage increases. d)floors on overtime pay.

11. 35 | 11 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer The National War Labor Board imposed a)floors on wage increases. b)ceilings on overtime pay. c)ceilings on wage increases. (correct) d)floors on overtime pay. Hint: See page 880.

12. 35 | 12 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question WAACs were the women’s auxiliary for the a)Army. b)Navy. c)Air Force. d)Coast Guard.

13. 35 | 13 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer WAACs were the women’s auxiliary for the a)Army. (correct) b)Navy. c)Air Force. d)Coast Guard. Hint: See page 881.

14. 35 | 14 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question Under the Bracero Program, the U.S. government a)conferred immediate citizenship on any Mexicans who entered service in the U.S. armed forces. b)recruited temporary Mexican agricultural workers to make up for wartime labor shortages in the Far West. c)sent U.S. citizens of Mexican decent to “relocation camps” to prevent a repeat of the Zimmerman Note’s threat to the southwestern U.S. d)hired Mexican-Americans to replace American manufacturing sector workers, and conferred citizenship on them at war’s end.

15. 35 | 15 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer Under the Bracero Program, the U.S. government a)conferred immediate citizenship on any Mexicans who entered service in the U.S. armed forces. b)recruited temporary Mexican agricultural workers to make up for wartime labor shortages in the Far West. (correct) c)sent U.S. citizens of Mexican decent to “relocation camps” to prevent a repeat of the Zimmerman Note’s threat to the southwestern U.S. d)hired Mexican-Americans to replace American manufacturing sector workers, and conferred citizenship on them at war’s end. Hint: See page 881.

16. 35 | 16 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question The American forces at the Battle of Midway were commanded by Admiral a)William F. (“Bull”) Halsey. b)Douglas MacArthur. c)Raymond A. Spruance. d)Chester W. Nimitz.

17. 35 | 17 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer The American forces at the Battle of Midway were commanded by Admiral a)William F. (“Bull”) Halsey. b)Douglas MacArthur. c)Raymond A. Spruance. d)Chester W. Nimitz. (correct) Hint: See page 887.

18. 35 | 18 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question All of the following were true of the Potsdam Conference EXCEPT a)it sounded the death knell of the Japanese. b)President Truman, still new on his job, met in a seventeen-day parley with Joseph Stalin and the British leaders. c)the conferees issued a stern ultimatum to Japan: surrender or be destroyed. d)American bombers showered the dire warning on Japan in tens of thousands of leaflets, but their encouraging response was ignored.

19. 35 | 19 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer All of the following were true of the Potsdam Conference EXCEPT a)it sounded the death knell of the Japanese. b)President Truman, still new on his job, met in a seventeen-day parley with Joseph Stalin and the British leaders. c)the conferees issued a stern ultimatum to Japan: surrender or be destroyed. d)American bombers showered the dire warning on Japan in tens of thousands of leaflets, but their encouraging response was ignored. (correct) Hint: See page 899.

20. 35 | 20 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question All of the following were true of the Manhattan Project EXCEPT a)most military minds immediately embraced Albert Einstein’s request to push ahead with preparations for unlocking the secret of an atomic bomb. b)American know-how and industrial power were combined with the most advanced scientific knowledge. c)much technical skill was provided by refugee scientists, who had fled to America to escape the torture chambers of the dictators. d)experts detonated the first atomic device on July 16, 1945.

21. 35 | 21 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer All of the following were true of the Manhattan Project EXCEPT a)most military minds immediately embraced Albert Einstein’s request to push ahead with preparations for unlocking the secret of an atomic bomb. (correct) b)American know-how and industrial power were combined with the most advanced scientific knowledge. c)much technical skill was provided by refugee scientists, who had fled to America to escape the torture chambers of the dictators. d)experts detonated the first atomic device on July 16, 1945. Hint: See page 900.