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Section 111
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Tourism Religious Economic Nationalism Pleasure
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Contested Landscapes History and Archaeology Significance Religious and Spiritual Identity and Nationalism EconomicStakeholdersConclusion
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Excavation and reconstruction (late 1800’s to present) discoveries: very well developed civilization for its time Unique urban layout Monumental architecture Strong religious and political influence over 2,000 structures Several pyramids Residential neighborhoods (8 sq. mi and larger)
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Much of Teotihuacan’s chronology is based on: ceramic typology stratigraphic data Carbon 14 dating In the 1960s: French archaeologist René Millon led the first systematic survey “The Teotihuacán Mapping Project”
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Teotihuacános were extremely religious. The three most important religious pyramids were: The Pyramid of the Sun 210 feet tall 700 feet at its baselines 268 steps to its summit The Pyramid of the Moon The Pyramid of the Moon The Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent 210 feet tall 700 feet at its baselines 268 steps to its summit The Storm God, also called Tlaloc was “housed” in the Pyramid of the Moon The deity depicted here, Quetzalcoatl was as important as Christ is to Christians
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Priests - primary importance and prominent role in society Human sacrifices assured humanity’s continued existence At least 100 to 200 of Teotihuacan's own soldiers were sacrificed in two ceremonies:
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In 1910, president Porfirio Diaz and the Mexican government Utilizing Teotihuacan’s archaeological significance Utilizing Teotihuacan’s archaeological significance Creating a Mexican identity Creating a Mexican identity Centralization of Artifacts The creation of a museum through the confiscation of local communities’ ancient artifacts The creation of a museum through the confiscation of local communities’ ancient artifacts Degradation of many indigenous locals and desecrated their history in order to centralize and build Mexico’s own
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Teotihuacan made into a World Heritage site in 1987 by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Main tenant of World Heritage preservation is economic gain through international tourism The economic boom brings: Money for restoration and upkeep Great damage through trampling and graffiti
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One of the largest sources of income and most visited places in Mexico today 3rd most important economic activity in Mexico Mexico ranks 8th in the number of international visitors and 10th in international tourism revenues In 2005, Mexico’s tourism industry brought in $10 billion and Mexico is home to the worlds seventh largest hotel industry
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Major stakeholders include: INAH and the Mexican government those living on the outskirts of Teotihuacan Wal-Mart and other big corporations New Agers Archaeologists indigenous people
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Pro Con Local businesses, visitors, archaeologists and indigenous people Local business can’t compete Protesters march at INAH headquarters to stop the building Building site suspected to be undiscovered archaeological site Residents of the area, INAH and many Mexican politicians A source for cheaper goods and more employment
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Credits Ralitza Dineva significance research, script compiling, editing PowerPoint slides, overall editing
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Credits Gracie Halpern research, scriptwriter
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Credits Lotus Lee Basic Teotihuacan Research Script Editing Media Pictures/Images, Music
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Credits Damon Klebe - Research: Architectural Symbolism, Landscape,Centralization, Nationalism; Organization; Bibliography.
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Credits Kate Fickas Contested Landscape Research, Image Compilation, Power Point Compilation/Production, PowerPoint editing
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Credits Michelle Torres Image Compilation, Video Compilation, Econ/Tourism Research
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Credits Eric Koo Research, Bibliography, Project Compilation
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Credits Lucky Sachdeva General/Background Research, Bibliography, Videos/Pictures.
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Credits Valerie Lu Narration Production
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Credits Hana Cutura Research, and Image compilation
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Credits Sam Csider Script Writing and Image Compilation
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Credits Michelle Nguyeni Walmart Research.
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Credits Kinh Cun Research on General Info, Image Compiler
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Alonso, Ana Maria. “Conforming Disconformity: ‘Mestizaje,’ Hybridity, and the Aesthetics of Mexican Nationalism.” Cultural Anthropology. Vol. 19, No. 4. Pg. 459-490. 2004. Barbezat, Susan. “Teotihuacan Tour” Mexico for Visitors. Ed. Spencer Tunick. 13 Nov. 2002.http://gomexico.about.com/od/ancientsites/ss/teotihuacan.htm Bender, Barbara. “Landscapes on the Move.” Journal of Social Archaeology. Vol. 1, No. 1. Pg. 75-89. 2001. Bender, Barbara. “Time and Landscape.” Current Anthropology. Vol. 43 Pg. S103-S112 Aug-Oct 2002. Berrin, Kathleen, and Esther Pasztory. Teotihuacan: Art from the City of the Gods. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1993. Bueno, Christina. “Excavating Identity: Archaeology and Nation in Mexico 1876-1911.” Doctoral Dissertation. History Department, The University of California at Davis. 2004. Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip and Ferguson, T.J. “Memory Pieces and Footprints: Multivocality and the Meanings of Ancient Times and Ancestral Places among the Zuni and Hopi.” American Anthropologist. Vol. 108, No. 1. Pg. 148-162. 2006. Department of Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. "Teotihuacan: Pyramids of the Sun and the Moon”. Timeline of Art History. 24 Oct. 2001.. “Encylopedia Britannica Presents Hispanic Heritage in the Amercias.” Encyolpedia Britannica, Inc. 2007 <http://www.library.eb.com/hispanic_heritage/article-
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Kahn, Miriam. “ Tahiti Intertwined: Ancestral land, Tourist Postcard and Nuclear Test Site. ” American Anthropologist Vol. 102, No.1 Pg. 7-26. March 2000. Lawrence-Zuniga, Denise. “ Contested Landscapes: Movement, Exile and Place.- Book Review ” American Anthropologist Vol. 105, No. 3. Pg. 639-640. Sept 2003 Occhipinti, Laurie “ Claiming a Place: Land and Identity in Two Communities in Northwestern Argentina. ” The Journal of Latin American Anthropology. Vol. 8, No. 3. Pg. 155-174. 2003. O'Halleran, Kathy. “ Part Two: The Mysteries of Teotihuacan. ” Suite 101. Enter Curious. 20 Jul, 1999. <http://www.suite101.com/print_article.cfm/history_mesoamerica_ retired/22735>. Manzanilla, Linda. “ Emergence and Change in Early Urban Societies. ” H-Net Reviews in the Humanities &Social Sciences. Pg. 1-4. Oct. 1998. Manzanilla, Linda. “ Houses and Ancestors, Altars and Relics: Mortuary Patterns and Teotihuacan, Central Mexico. ” Anthro Source Medina, Laurie Kroshus. “ History, Culture, and Place-Making: ‘ Native ’ Status and Maya Identity in Belize ” Journal of Latin American Anthropology Vol. 4, No. 1 Pg. 133-165. 1999 Rodman, Margaret C. “ Empowering Place: Multilocality and Multivocality. ” In American Anthropologist. Vol. 94, No. 3. pp. 640-656. 1992. Ross, John. “ Wal-Mart Invades Mexico. ” Counterpunch. Ed. Alexander Cockburn. 17 Mar. 2005.. Sugiyama, Saburo. “ Teotihuacan: Introduction. ” Archaeology of Teotihuacan. Arizona State University, Dept. of Anthropology, Tempe, AZ. 20 Oct. 2001. Sugiyama, Saburo. "The Feathered Serpent Pyramid: Chronology Chart for Teotihuacan." Archaeology of Teotihuacan. Arizona State University, Dept. of Anthropology, Tempe, AZ. 20 Oct. 2001. Sugiyama, Saburo. “ Worldview Materialized in Teotihuacan, Mexico. ” Latin American Antiquity, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1993. pp. 103-129. Watkins, Joe. “ Cultural Nationalists, Internationalist, and ‘ Intra-nationalists ’ : Who ’ s Right and Whose Right? ” International Journal of Cultural Property Vol. 12 Pg. 78-94. 2005
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