1. An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Organization FOUNDATION COURSE IN ENGLISH-02 BA/B.COM

2. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | BLOCK - 1

3. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPOSITORY COMPOSITION EXPLANATION OF A PROCESS USE OF EXAMPLES REASONS IN SUPPORT OF A STATEMENT COMPARITIONAND CONTRAST CLASSIFICATION RESTATEMENT ANALYSIS

4. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | Writing Paragraphs-1 THE TOPIC SENTENTENCE DEVELOPING THE TOPIC COHERENCE PUNCTUATION

5. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | WRITING paragraphs-2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PARAGRAPH ILLUSTRATION DESCRIPTION CAUSE AND EFFECT DEFINITION COMPARISION AND CONTRAST

6. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | WRITING A COMPOSITION COMPOSION IS THE ACT OF PUTTING TOGETHER PARTS, ACCORDING TO AFORM A WHOLE.THAT IS TO SAY, EVERY COMPOSITION REQUIRES ORGANISATION A POEM,A PIECE OF MUSIC, A SCULPTURE, OR A PAINTING, IS SUCH A COMPOSITION

7. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | TYPES OF COMPOSITION EXPOSITORY COMPOSITION ARGUMENTATIVE COMPOSITION NARRATIVE COMPOSITION DESCRIPTIVE COMPOSITION

8. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | EXPOSITORY COMPOSITION THE WORD “EXPOSITION” REFERS TO AN ACT OF EXPLAINING SOMETHING OR MAKING IT CLEAR. THE PURPOSE OFEXPOSITORY WRITING IS NOT PRIMARILY TO NARRATE, DESCRIBE, OR PERSUADE, IT IS MAINLY TO EXPLAIN SOMETHING –FACTS, IDEAS, OR BELIEFS

9. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | NOTES (1) TYPES OF HEART DISEASE :THEIR CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS 1 Congenital heart disease(h.d.)present at birth, e.g., blue baby 2 Rheumatic h.d.  (caused by) untreated infection of = throat; degenerative h.d. symptoms -chronic sore throat, painful joints, and high fever. Widespread in develop countries... overcrowd g + poor living conditions. Accounts for 30- 40% of all heart cases.

10. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | Hypertensive h.d  high blood pressure  stress, smoking + higher salt intake in diet. 4Ischaemic h.d.  blockage of arteries by cholestersol  angina,heart attacks.

11. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | BLOCK - 2

12. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | Report Any composition based on factual information is a report

13. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | TYPES OF REPORT Reports on events Reports on meetings and speeches Reports on interviews Reports on surveys Reports on experiments

14. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | PERSUASIVE AND ARGUMENTATIVE COMPOSITIONS When you read textbooks, newspapers, magazines, novels, or anything else, you are likely to come across persuasive writing, which has the power to influence the reader into believing or doing what the writer wishes.

15. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | TECHNIQUES OF ARGUMENT The Assertive Argument Argument by illustration The Factual Argument Refutation or Counter-argument

16. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | DIFFERENT METHOD OF ARGUMENT INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE METHODS FALLACIES NON RATIONAL WAYS OF WRITING

17. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | Organization of notes: tables A Passage giving information in the form of figures A Passage giving a contrastive description A Passage presenting different Aspect of a topic

18. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | ORGANIZATION OF NOTES: DIAGRAMES FLOW-CHARTS TREE DIAGRAMS

19. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | REPORTING A MEETING Name of the organization Venue and time of the meeting Agenda or programme A brief history of the organization

20. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | REPORTING A SPEECH Adequate identification of the speaker The occasion for the speech The exact time and place The title of the speech, if any.

21. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | WRITING SUMMARIES-1 The Technique of summarizing (1) Integrated Pest Management (2) Earthworms Back in the Garden (3) How a Volcano Affects the Earth

22. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | BLOCK - 3

23. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT -13 CHRONOLOGICAL SEQUENCE (1) Biographical writing (2)Narrative (3)Process SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS CLASS RELATIONSHIPS

24. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT -14 WRITING A NARRATIVE COMPOSITION (1) Where to look for ideas (2) How to select your Topic (3) Treatment of the Topic (4) Finding the Material A FACTUAL REPORT

25. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT -15 STYLE (1) Simplicity (2)Direct Conversational style (3) Individuality (4) Concreteness

26. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT - 16 Different stages in Conducting an interview Reporting an Interview Punctuation : The Apostrophe Usage : Word Study

27. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT - 17 Various stages in Conducting a survey Collection of data (1) Personal Observation (2) Interviews (3) Official Records (4)Libraries Reporting a Survey (1) Contents of a long Survey Report (2) Examples of Reports

28. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT -18 TECHNIQUES OF SUMMARIZING (1) The World of Plastics (2) A New Route to Comprehending Pain

29. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | BLOCK - 4

30. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT -19 SIZE, BUILD AND AGE EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION AND WORK EXPERIENCE FACIAL FEATURES AND EXPRESSION GESTURES AND GAIT HABITS DRESS LIKE, DISLIIKES AND GENERAL NATURE

31. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT -20 LOCATION AND SIZE SOUNDS AND SMELLS THE OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH A PLACE DECRIBING PARTICULAR OBJECTS

32. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT -21 DECRIBING CONDITIONS DESCRIBING PROCESSES (1)How things are made (2) How instruments and apparatus are to be used (3) How to apply for a passport or a post

33. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT - 22 NOTE –TAKING-3 A GOOD LISTENING SOME BASIC EQUIPMENT FOR NOTE- TAKING PARTS OF A LECTURE TAKING NOTES FROM A LECTURE RECONSTRUCTING NOTES

34. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT -23 WRITING REPORTS-5 REPORTING EXPERIMENTS  VARIOUS STEPS IN CONDUCTING AN EXPERIMENT  REPORTING AN EXPERIMENT  EXAMPLES OF REPORTS  PUCTUATION: COMMAS

35. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT -24 SUMMING UP WRITING PARAGRAPHS COMPOSITION (1)EXPOSITORY COMPOSITION (2) ARGUMENTATIVE COMPOSITION (3) NARRATIVE COMPOSITION (4) DESCRIPTIVE COMPOSITION

36. © Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | UNIT -24  NOTE-TAKING  WRITING REPORTS (1)REPORTING EVENTS (2)REPORTING MEETING AND SPEECHES (3) REPORTING INTERVIEWS (4) REPORTING SURVEYS (5) REPORTING EXPERIMENTS