1. 27 th International Congress on Occupational Health Iguassu Falls, Brazil Tage S. Kristensen, Marianne Borritz & Ebbe Villladsen Psychosocial Department National Institute of Occupational Health Copenhagen, Denmark Burnout, job satisfaction and motivation: Results from the Danish PUMA Study of 1,914 human service workers. L:\PSA01\8. PERSONLIGE ARKIVER\LNA\Forskere\Tage

2. PUMA A five-year prospective intervention study. Baseline: 1999. First follow-up: 2002-03. Population:Social workers in provincial town(379) Hospital employees in county hospital(456) Employees at institutions for chronically handicapped (307) Employees at state prison(196) Home helpers in two towns(292+284) Total1,914 Baseline response rate: 78%

3. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory All human beings Everyone at work Everyone who works with clients Personal burnout Work burnout CBI Client burnout

4. What is personal burnout, work burnout, and client burnout? Personal burnout is the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion Work burnout is the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion, which is perceived as related to the person’s work Client burnout is the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion, which is perceived as related to the person’s work with clients* *) patients, students, inmates, recipients, children etc.

5. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Part one: Personal burnout (First edition. August 1999) How often do you feel tired? How often are you physically exhausted? How often are you emotionally exhausted? How often do you think: ”I can’t take it anymore”? How often do you feel worn out? How often do you feel weak and susceptible to illness? (Response categories: Always, Often, Sometimes, Seldom, Never/almost never)

6. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Part two: Work burnout (First edition. August 1999) Is your work emotionally exhausting? Do you feel burnt out because of your work? Does your work frustrate you? Do you feel worn out at the end of the working day? Are you exhausted in the morning at the thought of another day at work? Do you feel that every working hour is tiring for you? Do you have enough energy for family and friends during leisure time? (Response categories: Three first questions: To a very high degree, To a high degree, Somewhat, To a low degree, To a very low degree. Last four questions: Always, Often, Sometimes, Seldom, Never/almost never – reversed score for last question)

7. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Part three: Client burnout (First edition. August 1999) Do you find it hard to work with clients? Do you find it frustrating to work with clients? Does it drain you energy to work with clients? Are you tired of working with clients? Do you feel that you give more than you get back when you work with clients? Do you somtimes wonder how long you will be able to continue working with clients? (Response categories: The four first questions: To a very high degree, To a high degree, Somwhat, To a low degree, To a very low degree. The last two questions: Always, Often, Sometimes, Seldom, Never/almost never)

8. Work-related burnout and absence days Absence days/year Work-related burnout (Quartiles) N = 1828 human service workers PUMA study. NIOH, Copenhagen. 6.0 6.9 10.3 13.9

9. Work-related burnout and absence spells Absence spells/year Work-related burnout (Quartiles) N = 1780 human service workers PUMA study. NIOH, Copenhagen. 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.5

10. Work-related burnout and job satisfaction Work-related burnout (Quartiles) Job satisfaction score N = 1894 human service workers PUMA study. NIOH, Copenhagen. 71.2 65.8 60.4 50.5

11. Work-related burnout and satisfaction with job choice N = 1864 human service workers PUMA study. NIOH, Copenhagen. Work-related burnout (Quartiles) Would choose the same job again % 81.2 78.2 62.8 42.4

12. Head nurses Chief doctors Home helpers, country town Institutions Ass. nurses Leaders Social workers Doctors Nurses Prison wards Midwives Home helpers, Copenhagen Office workers Hospital secretaries Would choose the same job again % Points Job satisfaction (scale) N = 20-255 in different jobs Job satisfaction in the PUMA project

13. Prison wards Midwives Home helpers, capital Social workers Institutions Ass. nurses Nurses Doctors Chief Doctors Home helpers, country town Hospital secretaries Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Work Burnout Client Burnout Client and Work Burnout in different occupational groups. Selected groups from the PUMA study on burnout. All groups: 20-200 persons. NIOH. 2000 Head nurses

14. Conclusions Human service workers with high levels of burnout have More absence days More absence spells Lower job satisfaction Lower satisfaction with choice of profession Prospective analyses will shed further light on these associations

15. This presentation can be found at: www.ami.dk/presentations