1. Economics and Management of Cultural Heritage E-Learning Program organized by the Cultural Heritage and Development Thematic Group of the World Bank May – June 2005 Cultural Heritage and Development: Guidance and Information for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Arlene Fleming and Ian Campbell

2. Overview Cultural Heritage in EIA Guidance developed at the World Bank: Handbook for the Physical Cultural Resources Safeguard Policy Physical Cultural Resources Country Profiles

3. EIA integrates cultural heritage with other environmental features

5. Integrated Analysis in EIA and SEA Biophysical: biologists, botanists, hydrologists, geologists, climatologists Socioeconomic: economists, sociologists, anthropologists, demographers Cultural: archaeologists, cultural anthropologists, architects, historians Technical: project designers, operations, engineers

6. …Integrated Action Identification Analysis Consultation Decision making Project planning Monitoring

7. EIA and Cultural Heritage: Key Features Early Attention: –Time to identify heritage –Repercussions of late treatment Contextual Analysis Consultation Trade-offs Management Plan –Monitoring –Chance finds provisions Capacity Building –Professional –institutional

8. Cost of ignoring Cultural Heritage in EIA Lost heritage (non-renewable resource) Lost time in projects Increased financial outlays Controversy Lost opportunities for: –Social and economic development –Project proponent benefits

9. Reasons for Uneven Coverage Gap between EIA and Cultural Heritage EIA practice Cultural Heritage institutions and practice

10. Problem 1: Gap between Environment and Cultural Heritage Conceptual Historical Institutional Professional

11. Gap Between EIA and Cultural Heritage EIA Requirements by Financing Agencies Cultural Heritage International Standards 1960s - present Traditional Approaches to Cultural Heritage EIA in Developed Countries Legislation Practice EIA in Developing Countries Cultural Academic Disciplines Problem Cultural Heritage Laws Institutions Practice

12. Problem 2: EIA Practice Lack of Guidance –Exists in developed countries –Not transferred with EIA to developing countries –Needed in development institutions Lack of Information –EIA Cultural Heritage –No comprehensive lists of cultural heritage Lack of Resources –Financial –Professional

13. Problem 3: Cultural Heritage in Developing Countries Laws and Regulations –May be outdated –Rarely compatible with EIA Institutions –Marginalized in governments –Poorly funded –Traditional approaches –Not consulted in development decisions Professionals –Highly specialized –Few generalists –Little training in spatial analysis

14. Two tools developed at the World Bank. Handbook for Physical Cultural Resources Safeguard Policy Physical Cultural Resources Country Profiles Designed to improve the quality of the Cultural Heritage Component in EIA and SEA.

16. Handbook Contents Safeguarding Physical Cultural Resources in development projects Guidance for financing agencies Guidance for borrowers Guidance for the EIA team Guidance for EIA reviewers Stand-alone cultural heritage impact assessments

17. Handbook Contents -2- Examples of common physical cultural resources Typical project impacts: Hydroelectric Power Roads Urban Development Cultural Heritage Guidance for chance finds Guidance for EIA Terms of Reference International Standards

19. Physical Cultural Resources Country Profiles Purposes: Assist in all phases of development projects Guidance for EIA Facilitate review of project: Impact assessments Management plans Guidance for capacity building Information for potential investment

20. PCR Country Profiles Demo