1. Describing Trends in Graphs

2. an upward trend (a rising trend)

3. GO UP- GROWGROWTH RISE INCREASE IMPROVEIMPROVEMENT -UPTURN SOAR - JUMP (SKY)ROCKET- SURGESURGE -UPSURGE TAKE OFFTAKEOFF SHOOT UP-LEAP PEAK/REACH A PEAKPEAK TOP OUT -

4. a downward trend (a falling trend)

5. DECREASE GO DOWN- DECLINE DROP DROP FALL (OFF)FALLSLIP -DOWNTURNSLIDEDIP PLUNGE PLUMMET NOSEDIVE SLUMPCRASH SINK-TUMBLE

6. ECONOMICS IS FLYING (AIR) PLUMMET COLLISION TURBULENCE NOSEDIVE FREE-FALL SPIRAL LANDING GO THROUGH THE ROOF “When interest rates went through the roof, so did Mr Macdonald!”

7. ECONOMICS IS DIVING (WATER) PLUNGE FLOAT DIP DIVE SINK

8. ECONOMICS IS MOVING ON THE GROUND TUMBLE JUMP TOPPLE SLIDE SLIP WOBBLE STAGGER STUMBLE

9. Change of direction to recover to rebound to revive

10. NO CHANGE to remain stable to level off/out to stay at the same level to remain constant to stagnate to stabilize

11. a dramatic fall

12. a substantial increase

13. Peaks and troughs levels off/outremains steadystableIf a figure rises to a level and then stops rising, remaining at that level, it levels off/out and remains steady or stable. peakpeaksIf a figure reaches its highest level – a peak – and then goes down, it peaks at that level. trough bottoms outIf it reaches its lowest level – a trough – and then bottoms out, it falls to that level and then starts rising again.

14. Boom and bust boomA boom is when there is rising demand, and other indicators are strong. StagnationStagnation is when the economy is growing slowly, or not at all. StagflationStagflation is when slow growth is combined with prices that are increasing fast. Recessionnegative growth slump depressionRecession is a period when there is negative growth, a period when the economy is producing less. A slump is a very bad recession. A depression is a very bad slump.

15. A dramatic fallto fall ………………… An abrupt riseto rise ……………….. A sudden declineto decline ……………… A moderate growthto grow ……………… A slight increaseto increase …………….. A rapid dropto drop ………………… A gradual declineto decline …………… A steady recoveryto recover …………… Erratic salesto sell ………………….. A constant levelling offto level off ……………… Adjectives can be used to describe the degree or speed of change. Do you know the corresponding adverbs ? dramatically rapidly gradually steadily erratically constantly moderately slightly abruptly suddenly

16. Choose the correct verbs and try to connect them with appropriate graphs according to the type of change they describe: SLUMPRISERECOVERPLUNGE PICK UP PLUMMETDROPSOAR BOUNCE BACKTAKE OFF CLIMB RALLY FLUCTUATE FALLCRASH HOLD STEADY FLATTEN OUTSLIDE ESCALATE DECLINE ROCKET DIP 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 2 2 33 74 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 4

17. 1 Production started climbing steadily but flattened off at a level of around 70. Since then, it has fallen steadily.

18. 2 Production grew more and more rapidly over the first three quarters but then reached a peak. Since then, it has quickly dropped.

19. 3 Production grew rapidly in the first quarter, but reached a plateau of about 70. Since then it has remained more or less stable.

20. 4 Production has dropped slowly but steadily over the year.

21. 5 Production started the year in a stable position, but then plunged in the third quarter. It has now flattened out at a level of 20.

22. 6 Production fell considerably over the first three quarters, bottoming out at 20. Since then it has staged a partial recovery.

23. 7 Production has fluctuated all year.

24. 8 Production started off steady, but fell sharply in the last quarter.

25. 9 Production showed a marginal rise in the first three quarters, but then suffered a sharp drop.

26. DRAW GRAPHS USING THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: After a three-year period of stability, the level of investment soared. Since the late 1990s, immigration has been rising in most OECD countries. This followed a sharp downturn from the start of the decade. After a sharp rise, sales levelled off during the period September-November, when they plunged again at the end of the year. Sales crashed last week following a slight rise. Despite a rise in May the situation worsened again in June and prices slumped once more to another all- time low at the end of July. At the end of June, sales stood at $ 76m, having fallen from a previous all-time high of $136m in May.

27. Suggested video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0Mr- O9AGmwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0Mr- O9AGmw