2. We completed an RSMS Flexible Pavement Condition Survey for approximately every 1000ft on every public road in Bolton. These completed sheets can be found in the Bolton DPW Office. They rate the section of road on seven conditions. This data was compiled into Excel sheets and graphs that can be found in the front of the 2006 Binder.

3. Alligator Cracking Longitudinal/Transverse Cracking Edge Cracking Patching/Potholes Drainage Roughness Rutting

4. Alligator cracks are interconnected cracks, forming a series of small blocks resembling an alligator’s skin. This occurs when the sub-base gravel fails to provide adequate support for the asphalt pavement. It is also known as fatigue cracking, and repeated heavy loads and moisture create excess flexing of the surface. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Low Med High Low Med High NO Defects

5. Longitudinal cracks are individual and run parallel to the centerline. Transverse cracks run perpendicular to the centerline. They are caused by inadequate bonding between paving lanes or asphalt shrinkage from low temperatures. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Low Med High Low Med High NO Defects

6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Low Med High Low Med High NO Defects Edge cracks are approximately 1ft from the road edge. Normally they are caused by lack of shoulder support, or by the settlement of the material under the edge. This can indicate poor drainage, frost heaves, or shrinkage of the surrounding earth.

7. Potholes arise when the wearing surface disintegrates under traffic, due to inadequate structural strength in one or more layers of the pavement. They are bowl-shaped voids and are often located in areas of poor drainage. Patches are portions of pavement that have been removed and replaced, usually to repair defects in the pavement. Problems occur when the patches crack, settle, or distort. GOOD FAIR POOR NO Defects (0) (2) (5)

8. GOOD FAIR POOR NO Defects Inadequate drainage is important to document because of the long-term affects of moisture on pavement. Rain falling on pavement should be efficiently directed to drains and catch basins. Poor drainage can damage the concrete, weaken the sub-grade, etc.

9. GOOD FAIR POOR The roughness of a road is determined by the severity of uneven surfaces, corrugations, sags, humps, frost heaves and the previous survey conditions.

10. Rutting is the displacement of pavement material that creates channels in the wheel path and is sometimes referred to as channeling. No visible rutting (<1 in.) Rutting visible (>1 in.) (0) (8)

11. We compiled all of this information into spreadsheets, and we devised and grading system for each condition so all the roads can be compared. All this data is subjective, and you may not agree with every score, but this is a sufficient way of determining which roads need the most attention. There are many ways of organizing this data, and a few of these ways will be presented here, so as to create a good picture of the road conditions. The following graphs are using average numbers. The full sheets divided by each section are the best indication of which portion of a road needs the most attention, but for general road conditions, averages are useful to tell the best from the worst.

16. In an ideal scenario: have enough money to redo each road with just the occasional maintenance Plan: to separate the roads into deciles and bring all the roads into that top 10% score (0-3) Achieved by paving or reconstructing the worst roads, or the sections of a road that are bringing the averages up, and then crack sealing and patching the roads in the middle range If all the roads have this low score then repave appropriately Repairing drainage issues and cracks will prolong the life of a road at least 4-5 years, by preventing damaging moisture from harming the sub-bases, which in turn adds more issues to the top layer of pavement Ultimate goal: have all the roads in this 10% range, avoiding disasters like Spectacle Hill in the future

17. 0-10% Overall Condition Road NameTypes of CracksSeverity Berlin RoadLong, Edge<1 Coventry Wood RoadLong, Edge<1 Danforth LaneLong1 Deer PathLong1 Fox Run RoadLong1 Harris Farm RoadLong1 Harvard RoadALL<1 Lively RoadLong1 Mt. WachusettEdge1 Nashaway RoadEdge<1 Nourse Road-0 Old Bay RoadLong, Edge<1 Quaker Road-0 Rocky Dundee RoadLong<1 Sawyer RoadLong, Edge<1 Sugar RoadLong, Edge<1 10-20% Overall Condition Road NameTypes of CracksSeverity Frye RoadLong, Edge<1 Hudson RoadLong, Edge1 Old Sugar RoadLong, Edge1 Pinewood DriveLong, Edge1 Quail Run RoadLong, Edge1 Randall RoadLong, Edge1 Still River RoadALL<1 Twin Maple RoadLong, Edge1 Vaughn Hill RoadALL<1 West Berlin RoadLong, Edge<1 Wilder RoadLong, Edge1 Numbers shown under severity are averages of all the cracks found. These data tables present the roads that their overall condition is good, yet could use some attention to keep them in a ‘good’ condition. As stated before, this can be achieved by patching and repairing the deformities. 20-30% Overall Condition Road NameTypes of CracksSeverity Annie Moore RoadALL1 Autumn LaneLong, Edge1 Kettle Hole RoadLong, Edge1 Main StreetLong, Edge<1 Sargent RoadLong, Edge2 South Bolton RoadALL1 Whitcomb RoadALL1 Woodside DriveLong, Edge2

18. 30-40% Overall Condition Road NameTypes of CracksSeverity Ballville RoadALL1 Chase RoadALL1 East End RoadALL1 Farm RoadALL1 Flanigan RoadALL1 Golden Run RoadALL1.5 Laurel RoadALL1 Liberty CircleEdge4 Wataquadoc Hill RoadALL1 Weathers LaneAlligator, Long2 WheelerALL1.5 40-50% Overall Condition Road NameTypes of CracksSeverity Bolton Woods WayALL1.5 Lancaster RoadALL1 Long Hill RoadALL1.5 Marrinott RoadLong, Edge1 Warner RoadALL3 Woobly RoadALL2 These data tables present the roads in fair/good condition. As shown, most of the roads have all the different types of cracks and many of them have a higher severity average. These are the roads that need to be attended to soon or they have or may be past the ‘patching’ stage.

19. 50%- more Overall Condition Road NamesTypes of CracksSeverity Burnham RoadALL2 Forbush Mill RoadALL1 McNulty RoadALL2 Meadow RoadALL1 Old HarvardALL2 Powder Hill RoadALL3 Spectacle Hill RoadALL2 Teele RoadALL2 This data table presents the roads that are in the 50% or more percentile in overall condition. These are the worst roads in town according to our findings. Roads in Order (worst to better) 1.Spectacle Hill Road 2.Burnham Road 3.Old Harvard Road 4.Powder Hill Road 5.Meadow Road 6.Forbush Mill Road 7.Teele Road 8.McNulty Road

20. 75% Time 40% Quality Drop Each $1 of Renovation Cost Here… 40% Quality Drop 17% Time Will Cost $4 to $5 if Delayed to Here Years