1. Cellular Respiration
Ch. 8.3

2. Every living organism needs ENERGY!
To move things through the cell membrane.
To move organelles in cells.
To move muscle cells.
To make nerve cells allow you to think!

3. Food provides Matter.
Molecules of food (matter) build new parts of an organism:
proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids

4. Food also provides Energy!
The chemical bonds of glucose store ENERGY for other cell processes.

5. How do you get the energy out of food?
Through a series of chemical reactions called cellular respiration.

6. C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ENERGY Does it look familiar?
Look at it backwards:
Energy + CO2 + H2O ---- C6H12O6 + O2
What is this?

7. Photosynthesis makes glucose to store energy. (anabolic pathway)
Cellular Respiration breaks down glucose to get the energy back out.
(catabolic pathway)

8. Who needs cellular respiration?

15. To get energy from food:
Step 1: Digestion in the GI tract.
Step 2: Cellular Respiration

16. Digestive System Chew food to break it into pieces.
Stomach acid and enzymes break it down more.
Food molecules are absorbed into blood and transported to cells.

17. Blood takes nutrients like glucose TO cells
capillary
Blood takes nutrients like glucose TO cells
and
TAKES AWAY waste products like CO2.
cell

18. Here are the detailed steps
of cellular respiration.
Notice the reactants in
blue and the products
in red.
Where does this take place?
cytoplasm and mitochondrion!

19. Two parts of cellular respiration:
1. glycolysis
2. aerobic respiration
Krebs cycle
electron transport chain

20. Where does the first step, glycolysis, happen?
In the cytoplasm!

21. Eukaryotic Prokaryote

22. When glucose gets into a cell, GLYCOLYSIS breaks it down.
occurs in the cytoplasm.
chemical reactions use enzymes
anaerobic reaction = No Oxygen needed!
net yield 2 pyruvate from 1 glucose molecule
makes 4 ATP, but uses 2 ATP so it Releases only 2 ATP!

23. CO2
H2O

24. Where does the aerobic step of aerobic respiration, happen?
In the “powerhouse of the cell”
the MITOCHONDRION!

26. Overview of cellular respiration
mitochondrion
Cellular Respiration overview, focus on ETC

27. Aerobic Respiration
Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted by enzymes to acetyl CoA which enters the mitochondrial matrix.
Krebs cycle (Citric Acid cycle): Chemical reactions use enzymes.
in mitochondrial matrix
makes 2CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2

28. http://content. answcdn

30. Electron Transport Chain
Last step of aerobic respiration
Happens across inner mitochondrial membrane.
High energy electrons and H+ from NADH and FADH2 in Krebs convert ADP to ATP through chemiosmosis.
Overall, makes 34 ATP from one glucose molecule!!!
Electron Transport Chain

31. http://classes. midlandstech

32. YOUTUBE
Electron Tranport Chain overview ETC

33. Electron Transport Chain

34. Anaerobic Respiration
If oxygen is not available, regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis
occurs in cytoplasm
2 types of fermentation:
lactic acid fermentation (animals)
pyruvate to lactic acid
strenuous exercise = sore muscles!
alcohol fermentation (yeast, bacteria)
yeast and some bacteria
pyruvate to ethyl alcohol
Anaerobic Respiration