2. Intro to Medieval Japan The return of the Warriors

3. Periods in Japanese History Jomon (chord pattern) 4000 BC - Yayoi 200 AD - –Uji tribal system Kofun tumuli symbolic of hierarchy/wealth Yamato family emerged from an uji cluster Imperial Japan 6th c. AD –Yamato family adopting infrastructure of Chinese civilization

4. Jomon (neolithic) Jomon gradually overtaken by Yayoi culture

5. Yayoi culture Kofun tumuli Korean connection? Wheel-made pottery; bronze and iron Irrigated rice cultivation Han dynasty coins and mirrors

6. Adoption of Chinese civilization Soga and Yamato “uji” families Prince Shotoku and the 17-article “Constitution” Kojiki/Nihongi Amaterasu (Sun Goddess), Susano-o (Storm God) and the imperial regalia or three sacred treasures: curved jewels; mirror; sword

7. Heijo, Heian Japan Chinese model, Japanese practice Chapt. 14. “Pilgrimage to Sumiyoshi,” or “Channel Bouys, MiotsukushiMiotsukushi

8. Role of the supernatural; “kata” in practice Legends of Kitano Shrine handscroll Illustrated Legends of the Kitano Shrine (Kitano Tenjin Engi), Kamakura period (1185–1333), 13th century: www.metmuseum.org Legends of Kitano Shrine handscroll

9. Fujiwara and “retired Emperors” Fujiwara Yorimichi (990-1074), last great Fujiwara regent, founder of Byodoin “Phoenix Hall” temple Rise of Taira Kiyomori (1118-81) in service to the retired Emperor

10. Shogunates in Japanese History Kamakura 1185-1331 Ashikaga 1333-1587 (1480s Onin War) “Sengoku” or “Warring States” 16th c. –Oda Nobunaga –Toyotomi Hideyoshi –Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa 1600-1868

11. Kamakura: Rise of Warrior government and the “dual polity” Taira Kiyomori and the crisis in Heian control Minamoto league under Minamoto Yoritomo “Tale of Heike” and the “Battle of Dan-no-ura” Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace, from the Illustrated Scrolls of the Events of the Heiji Era (Heiji monogatari emaki) Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace, from the Illustrated Scrolls of the Events of the Heiji Era (Heiji monogatari emaki) Japanese, Kamakura period, second half of the 13th centuryJapanHandscroll; ink and color on paper Classification: Paintings Accession number: 11.4000 Fenollosa-Weld Collection, 1911. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

12. Heike crab “Natural” selection in the hundreds of years since the Battle of Dan-no-ura!

13. Yoshitsune and Benkei Yoshitsune, younger brother of Yoritomo. –Master swordsman –Master strategist Eliminated by Yoritomo Kikuchi Yosai, Japanese, 1788–1878 Benkei and Minamoto no Yoshitsune Benkei to Yoshitsune Kikuchi Yosai, Japanese, 1788–1878 Benkei and Minamoto no Yoshitsune Benkei to Yoshitsune Hanging scroll Japanese Meiji era, 1876 Japan Hanging scroll; ink and light color on silk 136.0 x 56.4 KJM2-Modern-070 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: William Sturgis Bigelow Collection 11.8887 Ushiwaka and Benkei Ushiwaka and Benkei Japanese, Meiji era, 1871Watanabe Seitei, Japanese, 1852 ﾐ 1918JapanHanging scroll: ink, color and gold on silk Classification: Paintings Catalogue: KJM2-Modern-074 Accession number: 11.8561

14. Buddhism Origins in “India” –Tibetan Buddhism (hindu elements, Tibetan “demon” worship) –Theravada “doctrine of the Elders” (“Hinayana”) Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia –Hinayana “Greater Vehicle”

15. Mahayana Buddhism “absolute” and “relative” truth Three buddhas –“Historical” Sakyamuni –“Cosmic Buddha” –Bodhisattva--pantheon of Buddhist deities Amitabha; O-mi-t’o Fu; Amida butsu Avalokitesvara; Kuanyin; Kannon Seeking enlightenment…or salvation

16. Buddhism in Japan Shingon (True Word) or tantric Buddhism Tendai Buddhism--source of many sects Nenbutsu and “Pure Land Buddhism” –“Namu Amida butsu” Zen (Chinese Ch’an) practice Nichiren--Japan-centered

17. Amida Buddhism He never fails To reach the Lotus Land of Bliss Who calls, If only once, The name of Amida.--Kuya

18. Nichiren Buddhism Nichiren shonin Writing an Incantation on the Waves * period. Tempo era (1830 ﾐ 1844)Unmounted; ink on paperImage: 27.7 x 39.2 cm (10 7/8 x 15 7/16 in.)KJM2-Ukiyo-396Museum of Fine Arts, BostonWilliam Sturgis Bigelow Collection11.9363Nichiren shonin Writing an Incantation on the Waves

19. Zen Buddhism Sound of one hand clapping? Warrior patronage Influence on the arts –GardensGardens –Tea Ceremony –Sumie ink paintings

20. Image sources Where not listed, images are taken from Artstor, mostly from the Huntington Collection Other sites: –www.metmuseum.orgwww.metmuseum.org