1. Regional Consultation on the Right to an Effective Remedy for Trafficked Persons CAMBODIA | CHINA | LAO PDR | MYANMAR | THAILAND | VIETNAM Annette Lyth Regional Project Manager, UNIAP Bangkok, 27 September 2013

2. Men onto fishing boats Men, women and children onto construction sites Men, women and children into exploitative factories Women and children for domestic work Typical Trafficking Cases 2 Women and Girls in Forced Prostitution

3. What is the scope of the problem? Recent research from the Asia region Estimated number of people in forced labor in the Asia-Pacific region 9.49 million and globally: 27 million (ILO 2005) Estimated number of Myanmar migrant workers trafficked into shrimp processing factories in Samut Sakhon province, Thailand: at least 66,000 – 99,000 (Johns Hopkins U 2010) Estimated number of Cambodian migrant workers in labor exploitation in Thailand annually: at least 20,492. 50% cheated, 33% exploited, 30% never paid. (UNIAP 2010) Percent of sex workers aged 12-17 in the Mekong countries: 30% (UNICEF 2009)

4. UK, EUR Middle East USA                         NE Asia (Taiwan, Korea, etc.) Sex Labor Both WHERE DO PEOPLE GET TRAFFICKED TO?

5. 5 Numbers of officially identified trafficking victims per country and year in the GMS, including key destination countries in wider East Asia 20082009201020112012Total Key Destinations (alphabetical) Cambodia 709701686581N/A3,119 China, Indonesia, Malaysia Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Viet Nam China N/A10,82016,56824,11829,85381,359 Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand Laos 235155145195 925 China, Malaysia, Thailand Myanmar 3033023812652611,512 China, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand Thailand 520530509279N/A1,838 China, Indonesia, Japan, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Viet Nam Viet Nam 9818696718217824,124 China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand Total 2,74813,37718,96026,25931,53392,877

6. UNIAP’s anti-human trafficking work

7. COMMIT SIREN Worst Offenders / Under-Served Victims Policy informed by experiences of under-served victims and the NGOs serving them. Government support provided through COMMIT Policy informed by reliable data, research, case analyses SIREN exposes Worst Offenders and under-served victims; financial/technical support to NGOs strengthens SIREN network

8. Government-led process between 6 GMS governments (China, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam) COMMIT Memorandum of Understanding signed by 6 countries in 2004 (Ministerial level) Multi-sectoral COMMIT Task Forces established to oversee national activities across all 4 Ps Sub-regional Action Plans (COMMIT SPAs) and annual COMMIT SOMs provide operational framework Annual Workplans developed and implemented Overview: The COMMIT Process

9. 9 Identify victims, and provide age and gender appropriate care Ensure victims are not held in detention Provide victims with safe and timely repatriation, through cross-border cooperation Offer appropriate, individualized reintegration options COMMIT Strategic Plan of Action III

10. SUPPORT TO UNDER-SERVED VICTIMS (CSO GRANTS)

11. SHELTER SELF- IMPROVEMENT PROJECT All shelters and reception centers in Vietnam; 6 pilots in China; launching in Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar in 2012

12. LEGAL AID/SUPPORT 12

13. The criminal justice response to human trafficking in the Greater Mekong Sub-region, 2008 – 2011 2008200920102011 APCAPCAPCAPC Cambodia 172117N/A231165N/A242249215255247182 China N/A1,3532,161N/A1,6362,413N/A1,9193,680N/A1,7733,045 Laos 238N/A7426N/A3279N/A Myanmar 127 145 170 135 Thailand 42N/A 952217707918836713 Viet Nam 718N/A 748N/A 683N/A 670N/A 13.

14. ETHICS AND HUMAN RIGHTS TRAININGS In all Mekong countries, for government, NGOs, media, academia

15. CHALLENGES TO REINTEGRATION Not at all or inadequately assisted Forcibly assisted Undermine victim autonomy and empowerment Inadequate national and transnational referral mechanisms. Lack of information Under resourced

16. CHALLENGES TO PROSECUTIONS Long court processes with little incentive for victims to endure Many entry points for cases to be sabotaged, with credible threats to life Police case filing is often weak – little evidence, making prosecutions difficult Weak protection of victims’ rights in fair trial standards

17. SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE DRAFT BASIC PRINCIPLES ON AN EFFECTIVE REMEDY