1. Chapter 13 Pioneer Life
Cornell Notes

2. Section 1: Population Growth
The Republic Attracts Immigrants
Rapid Growth:
Anglo
And Tejanos
Homestead Act
From the decade between the Battle of San Jacinto to Texas Statehood, the population TRIPLED
Passed in 1839: Protected a family’s home, tools, and 50 acres of land from seizure for nonpayment of debts
In 1836: Approx – 35,000
In 1846: Approx – 125,000
Slaves – 5,000
Slaves – 38,000

3. Section 1: Population Growth
Fill Out Chart With The Person Next To You
Agent
Number of Settlers
Area Settled
W.S. Peters
Henri Castro
Adelsverein

4. Section 1: Population Growth
Immigrant Agents Bring Settlers
German Nobles
Congress granted contracts to immigrant agents: people who were paid in land or money to relocate settlers to an area-to bring colonist to Texas
Agents would receive 10 sections of land for every 100 familes
3 Most Successful:
W.S. Peters and Associates
Henri Castro
German Emigration Company
German Emigration – Adelsverein
Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels and John O. Meusebach
Established Several Towns (New Braunfels and Fredericksburg)
7,000 new immigrants by 1847

5. Section 1: Population Growth
Slavery Continues in Texas
-One in every four families had at least one slave
By mid 1840s – slaves made up 30% of population
-Harrison, Brazoria, Montgomery, Bowie, Nacogdoches, San Augustine, Washington, Red River Counties had largest number of enslaved people

6. Section 2: Texans on Farms & Ranches
Texas Life Centers Around Farming
Most Texans farmed or raised livestock
Two main types of crops
1.) Cash Crop – crops used to raise money to purchase items that could not be made themselves
2.) Subsistence Crop – Food products eaten on the farm where they are grown
Uses for Cotton (Cash Crop)
Uses for Corn (Subsistence Crop)
export
Food for the people
Use to make cotton cloth
Food for animals
Sell to textile companies
Saved seeds for planting

7. Section 2: Texans on Farms & Ranches
Men and Women’s role on the farms
Both men and women worked hard on Texas farms
Women usually took care of the animals and gardens and worked long hours preparing the food and making clothes
Women would also clear land, cut wood, build fences, and even picked cotton.

8. Section 3: Commerce and Transportation
Trades and Professions
Industry and Commerce Fuel Growth
Better Transportation Is Needed
Texans began making living from job trades such as blacksmiths, carpenters, doctors, and TEACHING!!! 
John S. “Rip” Smith – famous Texas Ranger who was also a physician, lawyer, politician
Most major industries were located in towns or along major roads or rivers
(brickyards, tanneries, cotton gins, textile mills, ect…)
Roads were poorly built
Native American roads or originally built in Spanish and Mexican era
Roads were unpaved, and rain made roads muddy

9. Section 3: Commerce and Transportation
Stagecoaches
And
Steamboats
Telegraph and Newspaper
Stagecoaches become popular but expensive!
From San Antonio to San Diego it would cost about $200
Steamboats operated on Texas’s major rivers
While steamboats were comfortable and cheap, passengers would often run into sandbars and driftwood
First telegraph connected Houston to Galveston
Texas and Red River telegraph was chartered (or established by a state contract) in Jan 1854
Telegraph and Texas Register- the most influential of the early newspapers, originally from San Felipe, later moved to Houston

10. Section 3: Commerce and Transportation
Social Life
Formal Education
Religious Diversity Flourishes
Fiesta
- a festival or religious celebration, that was part of the Hispanic culture and an important part of life for everyone
Included dancing, games, exhibitions of art, and many food and drinks
Texas had many private schools, but only Houston at the time had a public school
- Governor Elisha Pease set aside 2 million dollars in 1854 as a permanent school find.
- Colleges like Baylor University were founded by churches
Since Mexico no longer controlled Texas, Texans were not required to be Roman Catholic
- Protestant churches such as Methodists, Presbyterian, and Baptist grew in popularity