1. Assessment of Waste-to-Energy Potential in Saudi Arabia as Electricity Source & Environmental Protection Measure
Dr. Omar K. M. Ouda
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering Prince Mohamed Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabia

2. Global Perspectives of Waste-to-Energy.
Content.
Introduction.
Global Perspectives of Waste-to-Energy.
Municipal Solid Waste Management in Saudi Arabia.
Potential Contribution of Waste-to-Energy
Environmental Values of Waste-to-Energy.

3. Introduction
In 2013 world population was about 7.2 billion and is projected to increase by 1 billion by the year 2025.
Population growth and associated with increase in standard of living and urbanization levels will come with an ever-increase in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation and energy demand.
Current global MSW generation level is 1.3 billion tons/year, and is forecasted to reach about 2.2 billion tons/year in 2025.

4. Global Perspectives of Waste-to-Energy
Waste to Energy (WTE), are being utilized globally as environmental protection measures and energy renewable source.
WTE is a proven and efficient option to handle the MSW disposal challenges
WTE also can contribute to global energy demand.

5. Global Perspectives of Waste-to-Energy.
Global Current and Forecasted Value of WTE Market

6. Municipal Solid Waste Management in Saudi Arabia
KSA population has increased from 7 million in 1975 to about 27 million in 2010 with an annual rate of 3.4%.

7. Municipal Solid Waste Management in Saudi Arabia
Municipalities are governing MSW management in Saudi Arabia.
The current MSW practices in Saudi Arabia is to collect t and dump in landfills or dump sites.
A few initiatives for MSW recycling are in place in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.
These initiatives are in small scale and their contributions are not well documented.
KSA MSW wastes consists of 37% organic materials, 28.5% paper, 5.2% plastics, 8.3% mineral, 4.6% glass, 8% wood, 6.4% textile, and 2% others.

8. Municipal Solid Waste Management in Saudi Arabia
In July 2013, the Saudi Cabinet approved new MSW management regulations.
The new regulations aims to ensure the implementation of an integrated framework for MSW management in the country.
In 2010, the government initiated the King Abdullah City of Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE).
KACARE is proposing an impressive plan for renewable energy utilization that includes WTE facilities.
The two decade plan includes production of up to 54 GW from nuclear and renewable energy sources.

9. Potential of WTE in Saudi Arabia.
To assess the potential of WTE in KSA two scenarios were developed:
Mass Burn with Recycling.
Mass Burn.
The Mass Burn scenario implies full utilization of MSW for WTE production.
Mass Burn with Recycling assumes removal of all potentially recycled materials from the waste stream and utilizing the remaining MSW for WTE production.
The potential electricity generation of the two scenarios were calculated based on:
MSW generation forecast up to the year 2032
MSW Compositions
Caloric values of each materials

10. Potential of WTE in Saudi Arabia
Mass Burn with Recycling

11. Potential Contribution of Waste-to-Energy in Saudi Arabia.
Mass Burn

12. Potential Contribution of Waste-to-Energy in Saudi Arabia.
The Mass Burn with Recycling scenario result shows a potential to produce about 166 (MW) of electricity by the year 2032.
This value forms about 0.14% of the 120 GW peak electricity demand in 2032.
The figure shows the potential to produce about 2073 Megawatt (MW) of electricity from MSW by the year 2032.
This value forms about 1.73% of the 120 GW peak electricity demand for that terminal year.
The Mass Burn scenario can produce 12 times WTE electricity more than the Mass Burn with Recycling scenario.

13. Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi Arabia
The Environmental value of the two Scenarios were estimated based on EPA USA approach.
Three Environmental criteria were considered
Energy saving
Net greenhouse gas emission reduction
Landfills area reductions
The Environmental value for KSA and per city for the major six cities up to year 2032 will be forecasted.

14. Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi Arabia
Energy Reduction Forecast based on Mass Burn with Recycling Scenario

15. Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi Arabia
Energy Reduction Forecast based on Mass Burn Scenario

16. Environmental Values of Waste-to-Energy Facilities in Saudi Arabia
Net greenhouse gas reduction in MTCE per ton of material for the two scenarios
Materials
Waste Composition %
Mass Burn with Recycling
(MTCE/ton of MSW)
Mass Burn
Paper
28.5
0.29
0.10
Plastic
5.2
0.02
-0.01
Glass
4.6
Wood 8
0.04
0.01
Textiles
6.4
0.13
Organic
37.0
Others
10.3
0.06
Total (MTCE/ton)
0.98
0.61
0.18

17. Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi Arabia
Landfill Area Forecast Based on complete landfilling

18. Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi Arabia
Landfill Area Saving Forecast Based on Mass Burn With Recycling Scenario

19. Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi Arabia
Landfill Area Saving Forecast Based on Mass Burn Scenario

20. The results show WTE has great potential in the Kingdom.
Conclusion
The results show WTE has great potential in the Kingdom.
WTE can be a good contributor to electricity supply in the Kingdom.
The Environmental Values are tremendous.

21. To get a copy of the publications, please visit my website :
Ouda, O.K.M., Cekirge, H. and Syed, R., “An assessment of the potential contribution from waste-to-energy facilities to electricity demand in Saudi Arabia”. Energy Conversion and Management. Vol. 75 (2013), pp
Ouda. O. K. M. and Cekirge, H. M.,” Potential Environmental Values of Waste-to-Energy Facilities in Saudi Arabia”, The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (AJSE). Vol. 39. No. 2, (2014),  pp
Tawabini B.S., Ouda, O.K.M., Raza, S.A. (2014). Investigating of Waste to Energy Potential as a Renewable Energy Resource in Al-Hasa Region, Saudi Arabia, 5th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste( VENICE 2014) November 2014, Venice, Italy.
Aga O., Ouda, O.K.M., Raza, S.A. (2014), Investigating Waste to Energy Potential in the Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia, Renewable Energy for Developing Countries (REDEC 2014), November 26-27, 2014, Beirut, Lebanon.
Al-Waked R., Ouda, O.K.M., Raza, S.A. (2014), Potential Value of Waste‐to‐Energy Facility in Riyadh City- Saudi Arabia, the Eighth Jordanian International Mechanical Engineering Conference (JIMEC 8), September 22-23, 2014, Amman, Jordan.
Ouda, O.K.M. and Raza, S.A. (2014). Waste-to-Energy: Solution for Municipal Solid Waste Challenges- Global Annual Investment,  2014 IEEE International Symposium on Technology Management and Emerging Technology (ISTMET), May 27-29, 2014, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
To get a copy of the publications, please visit my website :