1. Roman Expansion
World History
2013

2. TSWBAT read, analyze AND explain primary resource (roman laws) and compare and contrast them to American laws.
Date: Monday December 9
Warm-Up: Quiz; Check worksheets and review answers
Activity: read p. 149 (Roman Law) quietly at your seats; read one of the Roman laws and write a one paragraph answer
Roman Laws explanations paragraph Due Tuesday
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3. Date: Tuesday December 10
TSWBAT read, analyze AND explain primary resource (roman laws) and compare and contrast them to American laws.
Date: Tuesday December 10
Warm-Up: using your worksheet from Friday, draw a diagram or chart of the Roman Political Structure (see page for help); we will discuss these
Activity: read one of the Roman laws and write a one paragraph answer thoroughly explaining the law AND one paragraph comparing that law to one in the United States (do your best to compare!!)
Roman Laws explanations paragraph Due Tuesday
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4. Who to include in the diagram:
Roman senate
Patricians
Plebeians
Consuls
Praetors
Council of Plebs (assembly)
Centuriate (assembly)
Soldiers

5. Date: Wednesday December 11
TSWBAT discuss and define what causes a conflict; locate Carthage on a map; explain how, why, and when the Punic Wars occurred and the significance of these wars
Date: Wednesday December 11
Warm-Up: TURN IN 12 TABLES! Staple
Write in your notes:
In your opinion, what causes conflict?
Explain the location of Carthage using a map (p. 150)
On p. 150 read and answer questions 1 &2
Activity: PPT and notes on Punic Wars
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6. Roman Expansion
After their conquest of Italy, Romans faced the state of Carthage
Who did the Romans have to conquer first?
What continent if Carthage located?
The Phoenicians founded Carthage on the Coast of North Africa
Carthage had an enormous trading Empire with colonies stretching from Spain to Sicily
Carthage was the largest and Richest state in the area

7. Punic Wars
Why do you think a conflict arose between Rome and Carthage?
The First Punic Wars:
The presence of the Carthaginians in Sicily (an island close to the Italian Coast) made the Romans fearful.

8. First Punic Wars, Con’t
Both the Romans and the Carthaginians were determined to control Sicily.
The Romans built a large naval fleet knowing they could not take over Sicily (an island) without a navy
In 241 BCE, the Romans defeated the Carthaginians and Sicily became the first Roman province.
The Carthaginians vowed revenge.

9. First Punic Wars:
What was the RESULT of the First Punic Wars?

10. The beginning of the Second Punic Wars
To make up for lost lands in Sicily, the Carthaginians decided to add new lands in Spain.
The Romans encouraged one of Carthage’s Spanish allies to revolt.
In response, the greatest Carthaginian general, HANNIBAL, struck back beginning the Second Punic Wars.

11. Second Punic Wars
Hannibal, the general of the Carthaginians brought the fight to Rome this time by crossing over the Alps with 46,000 men, horses, and elephants.
The Alps took a toll on the Carthaginian army; most of the elephants died, but the remaining army was still extremely dominant
The Romans made a big mistake and met the Carthaginian army head on---
The Roman army lost 40,000 men.

12. Second Punic Wars
After defeating the Roman army, Hannibal conquered surrounding areas in Italy; however he did not have enough men or equipment to take over any major cities.
The Roman army began to recover from its loss and eventually reconquer the cities that had been taken by Hannibal.
By 206 BCE, the Romans had pushed the Carthaginians completely out of Italy and Spain.

13. Second Punic Wars
To ensure that Hannibal left Rome, the Romans invaded Carthage while Hannibal was in Spain.
The Romans knew that Hannibal would retreat back to Carthage (in Africa)
Having the upper hand now, the Romans crushed Hannibal’s army
Spain became a Roman Province
Rome was now the dominant force in the western Mediterranean world

14. Second Punic Wars
What was the result of the Second Punic Wars?

15. Third Punic Wars
For years, wealthy and powerful Romans had wanted Carthage destroyed.
In 146 BCE it was destroyed; for ten days Romans burned and destroyed the city and sold all inhabitants into slavery.
The territory of Carthage became a Roman province called Africa

16. Third Punic Wars What was the result of the Third Punic wars?
What was the historical and cultural significance of the Roman destruction of Carthage?

17. Date: Thursday December 12
TSWBAT define, explain, analyze, and compare and contrast events and people of the Roman Empire
Date: Thursday December 12
Warm-Up: Complete worksheet “The End of the Punic Wars”
(read and answer)
Activity: Complete section 1 review (1-7) on page 151; this will be graded and discussed!
Current Assignments
Section review due tomorrow!
QUIZ Monday on (Section 1)- Roman Republic and Expansion
Past Due Assignments
Roman Laws
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18. After you read article, answer these questions (write out questions):
1. who was Scipio?
2. Why was he elected Consul?
3. Why did Carthage break the truce with Rome?
4. Explain the battle of Zama
5. What happened to Carthage after the war
6. Who rules Carthage?
7. How many people were sold into slavery?

19. Date: Friday December 13 QUIZ Monday (Section 1) Book Binder
TSWBAT evaluate their answers to the review; explain the importance of Hannibal and make comparisons to their own life experiences.
Date: Friday December 13
Warm-Up: Review and discuss all answers to section 1 review; review answers to quizzes
Activity: Viewpoint Description of Punic Wars wks; reminder: quiz MONDAY!
QUIZ Monday (Section 1)
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20. TSWBAT evaluate their understanding of Rome thus far; survey, define, and explain vocabulary and he Gracchus Brothers
Date: Monday December 16
Warm-Up: 5 minutes to silently review for the quiz
Activity: AFTER THE QUIZ, complete p. 152 content vocab and p. 153 Gracchus Brothers activity to prepare for next section
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21. Date: Tuesday December 17
TSWBAT explain the first Roman Triumvirate; create a flow chart explaining Julius Caesar’s rise to power
Date: Tuesday December 17
Warm-Up: review vocab and Gracchus Brothers questions
Activity: First Triumvirate PPT; partner activity
Make up quizzes tomorrow in class!
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22. From a Republic to an Empire
By the second century BCE, the Roman Senate became the real governing body
The Senate was controlled by a small circle of wealthy and powerful families.
The backbone of Rome had always been the small farmers; however over time, these farmers lost their lands to the wealthy and became the landless poor of Rome
Two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus urged the Council of Plebs to pass land-reform bills that would give land back to the small farmers (now the landless poor)

23. Republic to an Empire
Many senators, themselves large landowners whose estates included large areas of public land, were furious with the brothers idea.
A small group of Senators killed the brothers for their reform ideas
This opened the door for instability and violence in the Roman Empire

24. Republic to an Empire
For the next 50 years (82-31 BCE), Roman history was characterized by civil wars as many individuals competed for power.
Turn to page 154: read the short primary resource passage by the Roman historian Sallust and summarize that in your own words.
What does this passage tell you about the Roman Empire at this time in history?

25. First Triumvirate
Three men emerged as victors from the civil wars and power struggles:
Crassus: known as the richest man in Rome
Pompey: was military hero
Julius Caesar: controlled military command in Spain
The combined wealth and power of those three men was enormous and enabled them to dominate the political scene and achieve their goals.

26. First Triumvirate
In 60 BCE Caesar joined with Crassus and Pompey to form the First Triumvirate
A government ruled by three people with equal power
Pompey received command in Spain
Crassus received command in Syria
Caesar was granted special military command in France

27. First Triumvirate
In 53 BCE Crassus was killed in battle, which left only Pompey and Caesar to rule.
The Senate feared Caesar’s rising popularity with the people and decided to make Pompey the sole leader; they voted for Caesar to lay down his command.
Caesar refused; he had a strong army of loyal veterans willing to fight for him
Caesar led a march on Rome starting civil war between him and Pompey
Pompey was defeated and Caesar took complete control.

28. Caesar takes total control
Caesar was made dictator (absolute ruler)in 45 BCE
Reforms:
Caesar gave land to the poor
Increased the senate to 900 members
He filled the Senate with his supporters
By increasing the number of Senate members, he WEAKENED the power of the Senate
Gave citizenship to supporters from the provinces
Introduced the solar calendar
Made plans for building projects and military campaigns to the east

29. The Fall of Caesar Many senators saw Caesar as a dictator
In 44 BCE, a group of prominent Senators assassinated him.
Questions: Answer these with a partner
1. How long was Caesar in power?
2. How long was he dictator?
3. Why do you think he is the most well known Roman leader?
4. Make a list of events that put Caesar into absolute power of Rome

30. Date: Wednesday December 18
TSWBAT analyze the people in history and explain the second triumvirate
Date: Wednesday December 18
Warm-Up: Page 155, read about Julius Caesar and Augustus and answer questions.
How were Caesar’s personal qualities important to his success
What qualities helped Augustus bring stability and peace to Rome
Activity: Second Triumvirate worksheet; time to begin video of Rome
Make up quizzes today!!
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31. Date: Thursday December 19
TSWBAT analyze a video; describe Julius Caesar and the Roman Republic at this time
Date: Thursday December 19
Warm-Up: where did we leave off yesterday?
Activity: Video activity
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32. Date: Friday December 20 Warm-Up: review from yesterday
TSWBAT analyze a video; describe Julius Caesar and the Roman Republic at this time
Date: Friday December 20
Warm-Up: review from yesterday
Activity: complete video activity!
Happy Holidays!
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