2. The vertebrate story…

7. Agnatha Extinct: Ostracoderms *Covered by bony armor *Mostly small fish 2cm (some up to 2m) *Small mouth openings *4 openings on dorsal surface of head *Extinct after abundance of jawed fishes on the scene http://universe-review.ca/I10-27-jawlessfish.jpg

8. Agnatha Extant: “Cyclostomes” Hagfish and Lamprey *Are not as closely related as might appear *Hagfish are scavengers that lack the rasping denticles of lamprey *Most Lamprey are parasitic http://www.exploretheabyss.com/photo/gallery/gallery/ ds_trawl/images/HagfishLR.jpg http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/world/images/lamprey.jpg http://www.glaucus.org.uk/sea-lamprey-sucker-RL.jpg

9. Extant Jawless fishes… http://tolweb.org/Vertebrata

10. Extant Jawless fishes… http://www.bio.uio.no/akv/english/research/mzk/benthos_pictures.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8pONkTyk2c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYRr_MrjebA&NR=1

11. Extant Jawless fishes… http://bakkouz.net/pix/Hagfish.jpg http://sophont.blogspot.com/2004_02_01_archive.html

12. Extant Jawless fishes… http://www.uoregon.edu/~joet/Pictures-Pages/Image5.html http://a.abcnews.com/Technology/AmazingAnimals/popup?id=4958186&contentIndex=1&page=6&start=false http://www.gma.org/fogm/myxine_glutinosa.htm

13. Extant Jawless fishes… Broad-gilled Hagfish http://www.austmus.gov.au/fishes/fishfacts/fish/ecirrhatus5.htm http://www.austmus.gov.au/fishes/fishfacts/fish/ecirrhatus6.htm Broad-gilled Hagfish

14. Extant Jawless fishes…

17. http://www.daylife.com/photo/0g1T92TaxK623 http://www.daylife.com/photo/0e9DdRDaeV8 qa

18. Extant Jawless fishes… http://www.gma.org/fogm/Petromyzon_marinus.htm

19. Extant Jawless fishes…

20. http://www.gma.org/fogm/Petromyzon_marinus.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boca_de_lamprea.1_- _Aquarium_Finisterrae.JPG http://www.biology.duke.edu/bio217/2005/ncy/sea%20lamprey.html

21. Extant Jawless fishes… http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2005/September/03100501.asp

22. Extant Jawless fishes… http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ODFW/NativeFish/Lamprey.htm

23. Extant Jawless fishes…

28. Gnathostomes 3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic: 1) Placoderms (ex. Arthrodires) had large boney plates and paired fins http://www.noaca.org/earlgeo.gif http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/dossiers/dosevol/imgArt/dioram/PaleozoDevon /Zimg/dicksonosteus.jpg

29. Gnathostomes 3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic: 2) Chondrichthyans (cartilagenous fishes) *Includes sharks, rays, skates, and ratfish *Cartilaginous skeletons *Many with placoids *No bony operculum http://www.lifeglobe.com/images/product/Shark s/sharks04_r2_c2.jpg http://www.pangaeadesigns.com/_graphics/page /fish/large/ratfish.jpg

30. Gnathostomes 3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic: 3) Teleostomes (spiny and bony fishes) *Acanthodians are (spiny fishes) are extinct *Had skeleton of bone and cartilage *Had an operculum http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/imag es/R-acanthodians.gif

31. Osteichthyans Shared ancestors with tetrapods Have an air sac Dermal bone Paired fins… either ray finned (actinopterygii) or fleshy finned (sarcopterygii) http://www.paleodirect.org/fg009.htm

32. Actinopterygii Basal groups include Sturgeon and Paddlefish http://www.hellscanyonsportfishing.com/images/sturgeon%20pictures/Kevin %20&%20Sturgeon%202.jpg http://www.digimorph.org/specimens/Polypterus_senegalus/whole/specimen.jpg

33. Actinopterygii Advanced groups include Gars, Bowfins and Teleosts (most other bony fish) http://www.sdafs.org/laafs/Amazing%20Fish%20Pictures/Big%2 0Alligator%20Gar%2009-03.JPG

34. Sarcopterygii Have fleshy lobed fins, internal nares and a bony operculum 2 major clades: Actinistians, extinct except “coelocanths” Rhipidistians (and dipnoi) “lungfish” http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm0 5/1116/34-14-Coelocanth.jpg http://www.bertsgeschiedenissite.nl/geschiedenis%20aarde/lun gfish.jpg

35. Amphibia *Paraphyletic group… omitting amniote descendants *Extinct groups include Labrynthodonts (Ichthyostega) *Extant group (Lissamphibia) includes: Apoda (caecilians) Urodela (salamanders) Anura (frogs) http://news.siu.edu/news/May05/images/salamande r.jpg http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/wes/webquests_themes/frog s_theme/frogs_K/frog_species/barred/images/barred_leaf_frog _jpg.jpg http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/media/Btai tanus-PC1b.jpg

36. Amniotes Group includes Reptiles and Synapsids Reptilia (paraphyletic) Chelonia (testudinea) “turtles” Rhynchocephalians “tuatara” Squamates “lizards, snakes etc.” Crocodylians “crocodiles” etc. Aves “birds”

37. Synapsids Amniotes with synapsid skull, hair, mammary glands & nipples (most)

38. Mammalia Monotremata

39. Mammalia Marsupialia

40. Mammalia Insectivora

41. Mammalia Xenarthra

42. Mammalia Tubulidentata

43. Mammalia Pholidota

44. Mammalia Chiroptera

45. Mammalia Primates

46. Mammalia Lagomorpha

47. Mammalia Rodentia

48. Mammalia Carnivora

49. Mammalia Pinnipedia

50. Mammalia Perissodactyla

51. Mammalia Atriodactyla

52. Mammalia Hyracoidea

53. Mammalia Proboscidea

54. Mammalia Sirenia

55. Mammalia Cetacea

74. Cloaca/Eggs No front teeth (or no teeth at all) Opposable thumbs Peg-like teeth (African) Pouch Scaly Smooth cerebral cortex/sharp teeth Two pairs of incisors (only central growing) Wings Aquatic ungulates without hind- limbs Aquatic with nostrils on top of head Canine with fins/terrestrial birth Growing incisors/hoof-like nails Incisors form tusks Single pair of growing incisors Ungulates with even # toes/paraxonic foot Ungulates with odd # toes (usually)/mesaxonic foot Well developed canines