1. Eleventh-Century Church and Reform

2. Emperor Otto III (980-1002) seated in majesty (Gospels of Otto III)

3. Bishops in the Bayeux Tapestry, c. 1075: Bishop Odo of Bayeux in Battle (left), Bishop Odo seated with his brothers Duke William and Count Robert (top right), Archbishop Stigand with King Harold (bottom right)

4. Temporal Power of 12 th -Century English Bishops Rochester Castle built by William de Corbeil Achbishop of Canterbury, 1127 (on left) and Bishop’s Palace in Lincoln (on right)

5. City Square of Parma with Bishop’s Palace (center tower), on left; bishop’s throne from Ravenna

6. St Anno (Archbishop of Cologne, 1056-1075) as healer Personal confessor to the Emperor Henry II, who appointed him archbishop of Cologne just before Henry’s death in 1056. Personal confessor to the Emperor Henry II, who appointed him archbishop of Cologne just before Henry’s death in 1056. Dissatisfied with the regency of the Empress Agnes, Anno kidnapped the child king Henry IV in 1062. Forced to share power with the archbishops of Bremen and Mainz, Anno maintained charge of the young king as his tutor. Dissatisfied with the regency of the Empress Agnes, Anno kidnapped the child king Henry IV in 1062. Forced to share power with the archbishops of Bremen and Mainz, Anno maintained charge of the young king as his tutor. As chancellor of the kingdom of Italy, Anno resolved the papal dispute of 1064 in favor of Pope Alexander II. As chancellor of the kingdom of Italy, Anno resolved the papal dispute of 1064 in favor of Pope Alexander II. Disliked by Henry IV and eclipsed in power by Archbishop Adalbert of Hamberg, Anno temporarily left the court until Adalbert’s fall from power in 1066. Anno returned to court but never regained his earlier prominence. Disliked by Henry IV and eclipsed in power by Archbishop Adalbert of Hamberg, Anno temporarily left the court until Adalbert’s fall from power in 1066. Anno returned to court but never regained his earlier prominence. Suppressed an uprising against his authority in Cologne in 1074. Suppressed an uprising against his authority in Cologne in 1074. In 1074 Henry IV charged Anno with conspiring against him with William the Conqueror of England. Anno cleared himself of the charges and retired to Cologne. In 1074 Henry IV charged Anno with conspiring against him with William the Conqueror of England. Anno cleared himself of the charges and retired to Cologne. He was canonized in 1183 by Pope Lucius III. He was canonized in 1183 by Pope Lucius III.

7. Abbey of Cluny, Burgundy (east central France) Benedictine monastery founded in AD 910 by Duke William I of Aquitaine who freed it of all secular dues to him and placed it under the immediate authority of the pope. Benedictine monastery founded in AD 910 by Duke William I of Aquitaine who freed it of all secular dues to him and placed it under the immediate authority of the pope. Cluny differed in three ways from other Benedictine: in its organizational structure, in the Cluny differed in three ways from other Benedictine: in its organizational structure, in the –prohibition on holding land by feudal service –execution of the liturgy as its main form of – Rather than create independent daughter houses, Cluny’s subsidiary houses were priories that answered directly to the abbot of Cluny. Cluny and its priories came to exemplify 11th-century piety Cluny and its priories came to exemplify 11th-century piety

9. Eleventh-Century Monastic Reform: Carthusian Order Founded by St Bruno of Cologne in 1084 at La Grande Chartreuse in the French Alps to be a community of hermits

10. Emperor Henry III (1039-1056) and Pope Leo IX (1049- 1054)