KC-135 Data Link Training Course

Name: KC-135 Data Link Training Course
Uploaded: 2017-10-10T00:41:56+00:00
Duration: PTM36S14
Channel: Alexis Parmalee
Description: KC-135 Data Link Training Course

KC-135 Data Link Training Course
Approved by: AMC/A3TK Effective Date: 16 Apr 07 Version: 2.0

KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE
What is Data Link? Think Of It as, Text Messaging With Controllers Advantages? Clear Communications No Language “Issues” Direct Line to Controller Better Surveillance Automatic Position Reporting Datalink is a fancy way of sending messages back and forth with the contoller What is so great about it? - Text-based communications are clearly displayed on the IMFD - No “garbled” transmissions or words - Most of the dialogue is a series of pre-formatted messages - Accents are removed from the system - Unlike traditional communications that must go through a “relay” communications party, the datalink message is only routed through the DSP’s system but only stops at the controller. KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Acronyms ACARS – Aircraft Communications Addressing And Reporting System (Character-Based) ADS – Automatic Dependent Surveillance ATS – Air Traffic Service AFN – ATS Facilities Notification AOC – Airline Operational Control ATSU – Air Traffic Services Unit CDA – Current Data Authority CMU – Communications Management Unit KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

More Acronyms CPDLC – Controller Pilot Data Link Communications D-ATIS – Digital ATIS FANS-1/A – Future Air Navigation System FOM – FANS-1/A Operations Manual IMFD – Interactive Multi-function Display HFDL – HF Data Link NDA – Next Data Authority OOOI – Out, Off, On, In SATCOM – Satellite Communication VDL – VHF Data Link KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

C ATM N S GATM Components Category Components Goal Communication
Digital Radios to Handle Reduced Channel Spacing and Datalink 8.33 Radios SATCOM/HF/VHF CPDLC ATM Air Traffic Management Transition from ATC to ATM With the Ultimate Goal of Free Flight N Navigation Better Horizontal/Vertical Position Accuracy to Enable Reduced Separation RNP – 30 vs. 100 NM RVSM – 1000 vs ft FM Immunity S Surveillance Enhanced Situational Awareness, Collision Avoidance, Automatic Position Reporting ADS Mode S TCAS KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Applications Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) Air Traffic Service (ATS) Facilities Notification (AFN) - Logon Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) Airline Operational Control (AOC) Air Traffic Services (ATS) – D-ATIS, Oceanic Clearance KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Applications KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Flight Planning KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Where to Look? Guidance And Procedures In Civilian Operating Manuals FANS-1/A Operations Manual (FOM) Guidance Material for ATS in NAT Airspace Area Planning Documents Regional AIPs NOTAMs Centers Upgrading ALL the time! CPDLC? ADS? First Call Procedures? KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

NOTAMS webpage https://www.notams.jcs.mil/USAFdownloads.html

FAA Oceanic Procedures Branch http://www.faa.gov/ats/ato/data_link.htm

Flight Plan Guidance SEE GP Chapter 4 RWXYJ IDKLOT HUV/PD (B40) RWXYJ IDKLOT HUV/SD (B40.2) P – Mode S Including PA, But No ID S – Mose S and Aircraft ID D – ADS Capability J – Datalink, K – MLS Equipment KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

1801 Flight Plan RWXYJ IDKLOT HUV/SD Example Block 40.2/3 Make sure Base Ops knows your REG “S” is and S and not a 5 Don’t get too excited about filing SELCAL, if you don’t have it available, you’ll give it to the Enroute controller verbally DAT/ SHV REG/ 80093S SEL/ JMQR KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

AFN Logon KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Initiating Datalink AFN Logon Normally Minutes Before Airspace Entry Required for a CDA To Be Established Does Not Establish Your Current Data Authority (CDA) Can Also Be Done “Automatically” Via Address Forwarding Normally 15-45, check theater datalink documents for exceptions KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

AFN Logon Failure Wrong Center Name (KZAK vs. KZOA) Flight ID Does Not Match Call Sign 1801 REG Does Not Match APM Number For KC-135: Last Digit Of Year Plus Last Four Of Tail Number Plus An S (i.e S for tail Number or 44835S of ) If You Change Aircraft: Call Dispatch To Change On 1801 (AFN) And Tell Command Post To Change C2IPS (AOC) With Logon Failure, call the Enroute Controller (e.g. San Francisco Radio) using phone numbers in FIH, can be resolved while you hold on the phoneline, in most cases. KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

FIR Entry KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Prior to Entering Airspace
Get Organized! IMFD / CDU Displays Flight Plan Log (Rounds Time) SELCAL Page CPDLC Position Report Page (truncates time) Compulsory / Non-compulsory Points Don’t Access Position Report Early Reported Point In The Position Report Is The Last Waypoint Sequenced By The FMS Make sure HF is in SELCAL mode If ARTCC sends you to enroute freq. (HF) a significant distance from first oceanic point, send the position report immediately, knowing it will build the position report based on your last point passed. [You don’t want to fly a significant distance not in contact with either ARTCC or ARINC] Interpretation of FIH “Significant Additional Waypoints” guidance is edit out non-compulsory points from Next or Next+1. Easy way to remember – if the point has a time reported with it, it must be compulsory. N/A for ADS, i.e. don’t edit non-compulsory points out of the flightplan. KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

AFN Logon AFN LOGON: Accepted By KZAK (Oakland) When Near FIR. No New Operator Input Required CPDLC: CDA is KZAK (CPDLC Enabled) DISCONNECT Prompt for CPDLC Available KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Oceanic Entry / FIR Crossing
Non-NAT - After Entering Oceanic Airspace or Crossing FIR Boundary: Send a CPDLC Position report – FIRST! Informs ATSU That They Are The CDA HF Call With SELCAL Address And Stating That You Are Data Link Equipped Oakland Example: “Beak 96, CPDLC, Origin KSKA, Destination YBBN, Request SELCAL Check on JMQR” Pacific – comply with Enroute Supp Log-On requirements: State “CPDLC,” Origin, Destination, Reg number, SELCAL. There is a SECAL checklist in SYS pages KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Oceanic Entry / FIR Crossing
NAT- After Entering Oceanic Airspace Or Crossing FIR Boundary: DO NOT Send a CPDLC Position Report HF Call With a CDA and ADS Contract - “RCH XXX, C-P-D-L-C, Shanwick Next*, Request SELCAL Check XXXX” HF Call ADS Contract Only - “RCH XXX, A-D-S, SCROD VALIE*, Request SELCAL Check XXXX” Continue to Add CPDLC or ADS After Call Sign on HF * If flight will exit current FIR into oceanic airspace, include the name of the next FIR. If exiting into domestic airspace, include track name if on the organized track system or last two fixes in the cleared route of flight if not on the OTS. Will also need to get oceanic clearance – available through ATS function. KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Position Report Replaces HF Position Report Course Offsets And/Or Block Altitudes Will Not Be Reflected On Position Reports Do Not Use Page 3 To Attach Free Text Controllers Don’t Normally Access Do Not Send A Separate Free Text Controllers Expect You To Adhere To Previous Clearance Until You Report Otherwise No Feedback - Controller Will Not Respond 40.2 position page has a field to enter offset on page 2/3. KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Position Report Can edit out non-compulsory points, if necessary (current & next pt) on these pages. Page 1 of 3 KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Position Report Page 2/3, offset entry is available on 40.2 KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

KC-135 DATALINK TRAINING COURSE
CPDLC Position Report Can You Break Down This Message To Determine: Reported Position? Next Position? Next + 1 Position? Anything Else Here? After hitting verify; this position report is a little unusual since the aircraft is descending Coord. are where you were exactly when you hit “position,” then time. Last time is ETA to destination. KC-135 DATALINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Data Authority Only TWO Connections Possible Current Data Authority (CDA) You’re In Their Airspace Has Exclusive Communication Next Data Authority (NDA) Determined by CDA No Communications Capability Usually The Next FIR You Will Be Entering KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Address Forwarding Also Referred To As, “AFN LOGON Triggered By Address Forwarding” Failure To Close All Uplink Messages Will Cause A Termination Of Both CDA And NDA Connections Downlink Messages Do Not Affect The Transfer Process KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Address Forwarding Process is AUTOMATIC – Usually CDA Will Send An END SERVICE Message To Aircraft If END SERVICE msg Failed You Will Need to DISCONNECT From CDA If No NDA Appears, A Manual LOGON To The Next Center Will Be Required KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

AFN LOGON: Forwarding in Progress CPDLC: CDA and NDA
Address Forwarding AFN LOGON: Forwarding in Progress CPDLC: CDA and NDA KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

AFN LOGON: Accepted by Tokyo CPDLC: No Change to CDA and NDA
Address Forwarding AFN LOGON: Accepted by Tokyo CPDLC: No Change to CDA and NDA KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Address Forwarding CONTACT Message Combined With END SERVICE Message Most Common CDA Disconnects And NDA Becomes CDA Upon Downlink Of WILCO Response KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Address Forwarding AFN LOGON: Accepted by Tokyo Note 7-Letter ATSU Identifier CPDLC: NDA Has Become CDA KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Basics KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Terminology WILCO – Instruction Understood And Will Be Complied With UNABLE – Instruction Cannot Be Complied With STANDBY – Wait For A Reply, Short-term Delay (<10 min) REQUEST DEFFERED – Request Received But Deferred, long-term delay (>10 minutes) ROGER – Message Received And Understood Only Correct Response To Free Text Uplink AFFIRM – Yes NEGATIVE – No KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Standard set of messages Consist of Elements and Variables “CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN FL360” “CLIMB TO REACH FL340 BY 0300” Most Messages Open a Dialogue Messages Are Linked If A Response Is Required Message Exchange Between ATS and Aircraft Involves Message # and Variable Value KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPCLC Messages are “Open” until “Closed” by Appropriate Response…System Knows! Pilot Responses: Three levels WILCO or UNABLE For Clearance Changes AFFIRM or NEGATIVE For Inquiries ROGER For Information Requiring A Response “Message Received” KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Message Log ACCEPTED and CLOSED Signify “Closed” Messages CONN ENDED Results From Termination of CDA With Open DOWNLINK Message 40.2 has a filter toggle on this page to show only open messages. KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Dialogue If A Message Has Multiple Elements That Require A Different Response, Highest Order Response Will Close Message Example: Descend To And Maintain FL220, Report Level FL220 Descent Requires: WILCO Report Level Requires: ROGER WILCO Will Close Message And The ‘System’ Will Display WILCO or UNABLE Only KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Dialogue Do Not Send Multiple Request Message After Receipt Of A STANDBY Uplink Use “WHEN CAN WE EXPECT _____” Close All Identical Messages, If Applicable KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Uplink Example  “CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN FL330” Opens Dialogue (Clearance) STANDBY, WILCO or UNABLE Are Selectable If Pilot Chooses STANDBY – Dialogue Remains Open…  “WILCO” – Dialogue Closed, Pilot Begins Climb  “EXPECT CLIMB AT WALZA” Opens Dialogue (Information) ROGER Displayed on MCDU  “ROGER”– Dialogue Closed KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Route Clearances REQUEST DIRECT TO [position] Present Position To Specified Position REQUEST [route clearance] Amendment To Current Clearance REQUEST CLEARANCE Request For Pre-departure Or Route Clearance Clearance Will Load In Alternate Flight Plan Before Allowing You To “Execute” To Active Flight Plan Print Out Route Clearances To Ensure You See The Whole Clearance!! KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Route Clearances KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Requests Avoid multi-element requests “Request climb to FL350 and request direct HUMOR” Responses easily confused – stick to standard message sets! Answer all messages in a timely manner Respond with “roger” to all free text uplinks before composing response message Uplinks MUST be closed prior to FIR transition or… Multi-element requests promote confusing or cumbersome responses – Stick to standard messages sets or... message forwarding and NDA/CDA transfer will not occur KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Do Not Rename Waypoints In The FMS Customized Names Will Replace Original Point Description In Downlinked Reports Technique: Use Alternate Flightplan With Overlay For User-defined Points Alternate fllightplan technique is handy on a coronet to track BAR1, EAR1, BAR2, EAR2, etc. KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Free Text Why not just use FREE TEXT ?? No Dialogue established, No Required Response From ATC, No Linked Response Available To Controller Time Intensive – Type Manually (Typos), Send, Read By ATC, Type An Answer, Send To Airplane, Pilot Reads Language (e.g. Korean Airlines Pilot Typing in English???) Interpretation by ATC KC-135 DATALINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Free Text Should Only Be Used When There Is No Other Available Message Option Use Standardized Free Text When Able WAKE DEV [direction] REVISED ETA [position] Reference Regional Operating Manuals For Additional Guidance Message set options are a bit limited in our FMS. If you don’t find what you need, build a free text using standard message verbiage out of the regional manual. KC-135 DATALINK TRAINING COURSE

AR Clearances See Sample Messages In AMC Enabling Concept Uses Standard Message Set With Free Text Elements, Where Possible Still Not Pre-coordinated With Most ATSUs ATSUs Responding With Free Text AFFSA Working To Have Them Accepted As Standardized Free Text In The FANS-1/A Message set KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Summary Use The Message Set Correctly Limit Use Of Free Text – Ensure There Is No Appropriate Message In Message Set Read All Parts/Pages Of Messages Received Messages May Be More Than 1 pg. Sent Messages May Be More Than 1 Page (i.e. Position Report) Print Out Route Clearances Ensure You Understand All Parts Of Message – Your Transmit Button Still Works KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

ADS Operations KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

ADS Surveillance – Information Sent From Aircraft Without Pilot Involvement ADS Armed When Power Applied Each Center Establishes Their Own Contract You Can See If A Contract Has Been Established With You (Unlike Many Commercial Aircraft). KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

ADS Three Types Of Contracts: Periodic – Every XXX Seconds Set By Controller Can Be Modified May see 0/0 = No Periodic Requested Event – Waypoint Change (Next Or Next+1), Climb, Descent Or Other Certain Events Occur Demand – When Desired KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

ADS Status ADS Connection 1 With Tokyo Periodic – Every 320 sec (5 min 20 seconds) Event – Yes, but you don’t know what kind KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

ADS Altering flight plan (next or next+1) sends out a Waypoint Change Event report Reports update flight plan info at ATSU Used for conformance monitoring ADS Emer can only be turned on by pilot No restriction on non-compulsory reporting points in flightplan KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Emergency Operations KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Emergency CPDLC “MAYDAY” Message Automatically Places The CPDLC And The ADS Functionality Into Emergency Mode The Crew Can Also Select ADS Emergency Mode Independently of CPDLC Emergency Mode Can Only Be Initiated by The Crew And Can Only Be Cancelled by The Crew KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Emergency Mayday or Pan Messages Do Not Require a Response Most ATSUs Will Respond To Confirm Situation And Provide Positive Feedback To The Crew ATSU Will Attempt To Send An “ON DEMAND” Contract And Increase Periodic Contract Reporting Rate KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

System Malfunctions KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Problems IN ALL CASES, If You Have A Problem/ Emergency And Need Immediate Resolution, Contact The ATSU by ANY Means Available If the CPDLC Connection is lost “NO ATC COMM” Will Be Displayed Lose CDA Attempt Re-logon to ATSU May Need To Call The ATSU To Have Them Log You Off Their System, If Unable to Re-logon KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

CPDLC Problems A <<no dl comm>> Annunciation Indicates Loss of data link communications BE PATIENT. SATCOM Should Reconnect Within A Short Period Of Time And <<dl comm avail>> Annunciation Will Be Displayed You Should Not Lose The Established CDA or ADS Contract(s) Revert To Voice If Unable To Regain Data Link Connectivity KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Operational Considerations
Data Link Opens Up Your Active Flight Plan And Aircraft Parameters To Hackers Any Time Power Is On The Aircraft And DL:ON Is Selected Turning Off the ADS Closes the Door Slightly TACC Has The Capability To Pull Information From Your System Without Your Knowledge 4 CPDLC channels plus 1 AOC channel can be hacked. KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Operational Considerations
Turning DL:OFF Will Shut Down VDL, SATCOM (Including Voice), And HFDL NO LINK On All Media, Squitters Off Need To Manage Active Flight Plan When Flying Missions With Unclassified And Classified Legs On The Same Sortie Consider Pulling CMU 1 & 2 Circuit Breakers to Disable Data Link, But Leave SATCOM available (DL:ON) For example: keep classified portion in alternate until “tactical,” go DL:OFF, send alt. flightplan to active. Deployed locations should have the preferred sequence for pulling CBs (align EGIs then pull CB), to minimize glitches in LRUs. Will have some flyable NOGO/DEGRADs though. KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Error Reporting Used To Collect Data On Specific Observations Confusion About a Clearance Inappropriate Use Of Abbreviations/Acronyms Any Other Abnormal Event/Observation What To Include In The Report Date, Time, FIR, Detailed Description Error Report in AMC Datalink Concept of Employment (CONEMP) All AMC reports submitted to TACC KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Data Link Scenarios KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Flight Situation 1 SCENARIO Call Sign – Astra 13 Tail number – Reg number – 71435S You Are 30 Minutes Out From Entering Oakland FIR (KZAK) QUESTIONS What Do You Enter In The Logon To Field? KZAK What Goes In The FLT ID Field? Your call sign – ASTRA 13 What Happens After Both Fields Are Populated? The SEND LOGON Prompt Appears at VLSK 2L KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Flight Situation 2 SCENARIO You Are In The Oakland FIR (CPDLC-only) And Approaching The Tahiti FIR (NTTT) Note: Tahiti Has Both CPDLC and ADS QUESTIONS What Do You Expect To See As You Approach The Fir Boundary? AFN Logon By Address Forwarding To PPTCDYA NDA Field Will Populate With NTTT What Do You Do After Boundary Crossing? Standard FIR entry procedures: CPDLC position report and SELCAL check What Actions Will You Take In Airspace? None, Assuming Tahiti Accepts ADS Reports In Lieu Of CPDLC Position Reporting KC-135 DATA LINK TRAINING COURSE

Data Link Training Course End
Approved by: AMC/A3TK Effective Date: 23 Apr 07 Questions: Contact OPR Maj Schroeder, DSN GATM

KC-135 Data Link Training Course

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