1. Save fuel Save the Earth
An invisible story
FIR Fuel Activator ®
An infrared fuel saver that uses infrared to excite hydrocarbons for improved engine performance
Save fuel Save the Earth
Aldi Far-IR Products, Inc. (U.S.A.)

2. we hope to turn you from a skeptic to a believer.
Introduction
In this presentation, we will show you
how infrared works to improve fuel combustion
how the underlying science is testified by academic
how the fuel saving effect is verified by accredited testing facilities, including an EPA-recognized lab
and, last, but not least,
Why you need the FIR Fuel Activator to save fuel and reduce Greenhouse gas CO2
With all these scientific evidences,
we hope to turn you from a skeptic to a believer.

3. An invisible story It’s invisible, but present ……
In 1900 Max Planck introduced the concept of “Quanta,” but no one would accept it until Einstein had proved it in 1905.
It became today’s Quantum Mechanics.
Likewise, Dr. Wey invented IR Fuel technology in 1998, but no one could appreciate it ……
except a research team led by Professor Handy at Purdue University.

4. Acknowledgement As a result,
Though being skeptical, Purdue research team took
initiative to verify the underlying science of our IR technology in a scientific way, and found indeed
IR-excitation effect on improving fuel efficiency is real and does exist!
As a result,
they turn from a skeptic to a true believer.
We really appreciate for their faith and support!

5. IR-Fuel Technology Review
Technically speaking, we did not invent it, because
all elements were already there:
In Organic Chemistry
HC molecules are IR-active and absorb 3 – 20 μm IR photons causing vibrations.
In Photoselective Chemistry
Lab dynamics studies have demonstrated increasing reactant vibrational energy is most effective at promoting reaction.
Known IR-Technology
IR-Emitters have been widely used for agricultural applications in Japan.

6. Theoretical Model

7. It’s no secret …
HC Molecules are IR-Active and absorb infrared photons in μm wavelengths causing vibrations.
Organic Chemists have been using
IR-Absorption Spectral Analysis
to identify unknown specimens for years.
For example, if you give me a specimen with the following IR-absorption profile,
I can tell you what the specimen is ……..

8. So, what is it? ethanol C2H5OH
The following spectral info is called “Infrared Finger Prints”
First, look at “Functional Group Zone”.
It contains C-H bonds and O-H bond; it must be one of “alcohols”
Now, look at “Signature Zone”.
The -CH3 bond and -CH2 bond suggest it contains “ethane”
So, it must be
Signature Zone
Functional Groups
alcohol
+ ethane
O–H
stretching
ethanol
C–H
stretching
–CH3
bending
C–H
bending
C2H5OH
–CH2
bending
H–Csp3
stretching
C–C
stretching 3
Wavelength, μm 6 10 20

9. From a Quantum Mechanic view
absorbing IR photon causes molecular vibration.
Using methane as an example,
it absorbs IR at 7.66 μm to jump to v4 orbit, causing bending vibration,
and absorbs 3.32 μm IR to jump to
v3 orbit, causing stretching vibration.
Asymmetric stretching
v3 = 3012 cm-1
(3.32 μm)
Bending
v4 = 1305 cm-1
(7.66 μm)
Molecular energy levels
Energy level diagram

10. For your information molecules vibrate in 6 ways: Scissoring Rocking
Symmetrical
Stretching
Anti-symmetrical
Stretching
Scissoring
Rocking
Wagging
Twisting

11. The consequence of Vibrations
Let’s recall some concepts in Quantum Mechanics
Reaction Rate:
W = k e – E / RT
K: constant
T: Temperature
Activation Barrier
With IR-excitation, Ei Er
HC molecule absorbs photons to increase vibrational states;
IR-Excited
HC molecule
It reduces the activation energy Er required for overcoming Activation Barrier
Regular
HC Molecule
so that the reaction rate W is increased. Therefore,
IR-excitation can increase chemical reaction rate
Reaction Profile

12. Summary of IR-Excitation Model
As presented above, it is scientifically predicable that
IR-excitation increases oxidation rate of HC molecules
and thus improves combustion efficiency of HC fuels.
But, our next question is
“Where to find such an IR-excitation source?”
Actually, IR-emitters (8 – 20 μm) have been widely used in Japan for heating and drying agricultural produces since 1960s.
All we needed to do was tailoring Japanese conventional 8 – 20 μm IR-emitters to 3 – 20 μm for our applications.

13. Dual-band IR-Emitter approach
Conventional Japanese 8 – 20 μm IR Emitter contains 2 MgO . 2 Al2O3 . 5 SiO2
We use a “dual-band”
approach to cover the entire 3 – 20 μm range.
but, we add zirconia to make a new 8 – 20 μm far-IR Emitter
We also add CoO to make a
3 – 14 μm mid-IR Emitter
8 – 20 μm
far-IR Emitter
3 – 14 μm
mid-IR Emitter

14. The key elements in IR-emitters
The oxides of transition metals have such a unique property:
Its constituent electrons can be thermally agitated to a neighboring higher energy level;
When the excited electron returns to its initial level, it emits an IR photon in μm wavelength, depending on the elements used.
As such, the IR-emitter absorbs radiation heat and converts the heat into IR photons.
No additional energy source is required and it lasts forever.
Transition Metals

15. The Innovative Concept
In engine applications,
IR-Emitter serves as an energy conversion system.
It starts with placing IR-Emitters on a supply fuel line.
Step 1:
IR-Emitter absorbs engine heat.
IR-Emitter
Heat Energy
Recycling
IR-excited fuel combusts Efficiently
In cylinders
Step 2:
IR-Emitter emits 3 – 20 μm IR.
Step 3:
IR excites HC
molecules in fuel.

16. The “BIG IF” ……. A theory is incomplete
Though the theoretical model sounds plausible, the key question often asked is ……..
“How do I know if IR effect exists and works to improve fuel combustion efficiency?”
A theory is incomplete
if it can not be verified by experiment.
Professor Handy and Purdue team suggested a foolproof, down-to-basics experimentation, using the well-studied
Methane-Air Counter-flow Laminar Diffusion Flame analysis.
It will be straightforward to demonstrate with this experiment IF …. IR-excitation really works on fuel.
In October 2006, we took the challenge.

17. Experiments Of Combustion & Flame Science

18. Proving the Underlying Science
Methane-Air Counter-Flow Flame Experiment
Air
at Zucrow Lab, Purdue University
In the burner, Air flows from top duct,
and Methane from the bottom.
They meet at the center
to form a laminar flame, when ignited.
Flow = 10 cm/s
Flame
Air
Laminar
Flame
X = 0
Methane
Methane

19. Experimental set-up Burner Microprobe
that can be moved across the flame to collect gas species samples for analysis
For demonstrating the IR-effect,
the fuel supply is
controlled to flow through either
mid-IR emitter
far-IR emitter
or Path 2:
Methane to be IR-excited
Path 1:
Fuel supply path
control
Laminar Flame
Regular methane

20. Gas Samples Analysis The collected gas species samples were analyzed
at Zucrow Lab, Purdue University
Species concentrations for
O2, N2, CH4, CO, and, CO2,
across the flame were measured using gas chromatography.
Concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) were measured using
chemiluminescence analysis.
The measured results for IR-excited methane were compared to that of the benchmarking methane.
The results and observations are presented as follows:

21. Observation (1): Faster combustion
Comparing the measured results for
Air N2
IR-Excited
IR-Excited
X = 2
Regular
X = 3 N2
Baseline
X = 0
Methane
What had happened was
IR-Excitation makes fuel more combustible, burning faster and more completely;
CH4
Baseline
CH4
IR-Excited
It reduces flame strain rate and lowers fuel flow momentum so that the flame is pushed down.
Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct
we found
flame occurs faster

22. Observation (2): Less Fuel used
The Fuel Consumption Rate can be calculated by the formula:
L: distance between the ducts (15 mm)
ωCH4 : volumetric consumption rate, moles/cm3/sec
Comparing the measured IR-excited result to the Baseline,
CH4
Baseline
the Fuel Consumption Rate for IR-Excited fuel is computed to be 8 % less
CH4
IR-Excited
than that of regular fuel.
Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct

23. Observation (3): Less CO emission
Measured CO and CO2 for
Methane combustion
chain reaction:
CH4 + O → CH3 + OH
O2 + CH3 → CH3OO
CH4 + CH3OO → CH3 + CH3OOH
CH3OOH → CO + 2 H2 + O
2 CH4 + O2 → 2 CO + 4 H2
CO2
Baseline CO
Baseline
CO2
IR-Excited CO
IR-Excited
The measurements showed
Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct
because IR-Excited fuel combusts faster and more completely,
CO is a precursor of CO2
H2 + ½ O2 → H2O
CO + ½ O2 → CO2
the peak CO & CO2 emissions are 25 % less,
CH4 + O2 → CO + H2 + H2O
compared to regular fuel.

24. Observation (4): Less NO emissions
The NO measurements for
The emission index can be calculated by NO
Baseline NO
IR-Excited
Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct
MJ : molecular weight
ωJ : volumetric production rate
It shows less NO emissions produced with IR-excited fuel.
Thermal NO formation is slower than fuel combustion;
The NO Emission index for IR-Excited fuel is computed to be 15 % less than that of regular fuel.
With a faster combustion, there is less time for NO to form.

25. Summary of Observations
The experimental results suggest
the key effect of IR-excitation on fuel combustion is:
IR-Excitation makes fuel combust faster and
more completely
that results in
Less Fuel Consumption Rate
Less CO and CO2 emissions, and
Less NO emissions
Thanks to Purdue’s experimental verification,
the IR-Excitation effect on Fuel is scientifically proven
and can be explained by known science principles.

26. Further Verification on Engines
To confirm above findings and verify the effect of the IR-excitation on engine performance, namely
increasing fuel efficiency
reducing fuel consumption
reducing CO & NO emissions
numerous tests have been performed on various fuels and engines in labs, as presented in the following:

27. Engine Stand Tests

28. Results: FIR reduced 6.2 % specific fuel consumption
GM Quad-4 Gas Engine
Tested at Engine Lab, Purdue University
on a GM Quad-4, 4 cyl L gasoline engine
Measured Specific Fuel Consumption (unit: lb/hp-hr)
RPM
1800
2200
3000
Baseline
w/ FIR
Change % % %
Baseline
IR-Excited
Results: FIR reduced 6.2 % specific fuel consumption

29. NO & CO Emissions of Propane
tested at Engine Lab, Purdue University
on a single-cylinder enigne with propane fuel
PowerTek
Single Cylinder Dynomometer
CO Measurement (ppm)
13 in3
7.5 HP
Speed, RPM
1500
2000
2500
Baseline
with FIR
Change % % %
average reduced 14.5%
NO Measurement (ppm)
Speed, RPM
1500
2000
2500
Baseline
with FIR
Change % % %
average reduced 10.2%
Result: FIR simultaneously reduced CO and NO emissions

30. Combustion Completeness
Tested at the University of Michigan-Dearborn
using CO as an indicator of combustion completeness
on a Chrysler 2.5 L, 4-cyl. Engine
at 1,800 RPM with a 20 ft-lb load
and A/F ratio maintained at 14.7:1
CO counts (ppm) real time scan plot
Baseline
Prof. Keshav Varde
IR-excited
Nicolet FT-IR Exhaust
Emissions Analyzer
Result: FIR reduced CO 30 % (i.e. more complete combusiton)

31. Vehicle Tests

32. Proposed Engine Application
This is what we expect:
IR-Emitters are retrofitted to the supply fuel line, absorbing engine heat to emit IR photons.
HC molecules traversing thru the fuel line are excited, raising vibrational states to lower activation barrier and increase combustibility.
IR-Excited fuel burns faster in cylinders, allocating more heat to do work and less heat loss to raise exhaust gas temperature (EGT).
IR-Excited fuel increases power, with lower specific fuel combustion and less HC, CO, NOx, and CO2 emissions.

33. Heat Release in Cylinders
IR-excitation improves engine performance on the basis of that it changes heat allocation in engine cylinders.
Heat Release
KJ / c.a. deg.
With IR-excited diesel,
more heat is released within 15o TDC to do mechanical work
IR-excited diesel
and less heat released in later cycle as heat loss for heating exhaust gas (EG)
regular diesel
Crank Angle, deg.
Result: increased power and reduced specific fuel consumption

34. Torque/Power Dyno Test
at Carburatori Bergamo, ITALY on 7/20/2007
2004 Alfa Romeo 147 JTD
1900cc Multi-jet turbo-diesel
4 cyl., 110 rpm
Odometer: 110,000 km
Measured Power at 6th Gear
(ratio 0.614:1)
with FIR
Baseline
Result: FIR increased torque & power significantly

35. Result: FIR increased fuel economy and reduced all emissions
U.S. EPA Standard Test
tested at AutoResearch Lab (Harvey, IL), an EPA-recognized Lab
on a V8, 4.6L Mercury Grand Marquis
at 16,300 odometer mileage
FTP– Federal Test Procedure (City Driving)
Test Item HC CO
NOx
CO2
MPG
Baseline
With FIR
Change % % % % %
HFET– Highway Fuel Economy Test
Test Item HC CO
NOx
CO2
MPG
Baseline
With FIR
Save Fuel
Reduce CO2
Change % % % % %
Result: FIR increased fuel economy and reduced all emissions

36. Diesel Emissions: NOx & Smoke
tested at Shanghai Vehicle Performance Testing Center
Iveco Motor Co. (Nanjing, China)
4.2 Ton Light-Duty Pickup
4 cyl. 2.8 L Diesel Engine (max. 78 KW)
with a 60 Nm load
(a) NOx Emissions, ppm
Speed, km/h 30 40 50 60
Avg.
Baseline
With FIR
Change % % % %
- 6.6%
(b) Smoke Emissions, % Opacity
Speed, km/h 30 40 50 60
Avg.
Baseline
With FIR
Change % % % %
- 23.7%
Result: FIR simultaneously reduced smoke and NOx.

37. Result: FIR improved fuel economy 12 %
School Bus Road Tests
Greenwood Community Schools (Indiana)
2004 International School Bus CE
VT365 diesel engine
V8, 6.0 L with EVRT
The re-fueling records indicated
FIR installed
on 10/14/05
FIR removed
on 5/8/06
6.23
5.67 mpg
5.40
Baseline
Result: FIR improved fuel economy 12 %

38. Diesel Trucks Fleet Test
Heritage Transport, LLC. (Indianapolis, Indiana)
Cummins ISX L, 475 HP
HD diesel engine
4 sets FIR
installed
2005 Kenworth T600A Tractor
Truck #2066 serves as Controller, no FIR installed
Test Tractor #:
2066*
2086
2246
2320
2325
2398
Average
or Total
5/12/07 Baseline MPG
6/13 – 11/9 w/FIR MPG
Drive Distance, miles
Fuel Used, gallons
MPG Change % % % % % % %
7.8 %
Fuel Saved, gallons no FIR
2363
Result: FIR saved 7.8% fuel, or 105 gallons per tractor per month

39. Our claims have been verified by FTC for compliance.
Your own test counts …
We have many test results to share with you.
Also, we have numerous satisfied users like Mr. Suma Orazio, a taxi driver in Milano, Italy.
However, prove it to yourself,
your own test counts!
FTC Warning:
FTC Act 15 USC §41 et seq. prohibits deceptive marketing practices, including false and unsubstantiated advertising.
Our claims have been verified by FTC for compliance.

40. Conclusion

41. IR is a proven technology
Using IR photons shorter than 20 μm to excite hydrocarbons for improved combustion efficiency is scientifically predictable.
We have developed IR-Emitters that absorb radiation heat and emit 3 – 20 μm wavelength IR photons.
The underlying science of IR-excitation effect on fuel is verified by methane-air counter-flow flame experiments
IR-Excited fuels burn faster, resulting in reduced fuel consumption rate and less CO & NO emissions.
Engine/vehicle test results have demonstrated the IR-Effect on increasing engine efficiency, with
Increased torque/power
Improved fuel economy (up to 20% )
Reduced emissions (up to 46% )

42. Product Features Then, you know it is true!
Imagine such a simple device can do so much for you and our environment?!
Save fuel (8 – 10%) and reduce same % Greenhouse Gas CO2
Reduce all tailpipe emissions (up to 40%)
Increase power/torque (smoother engine)
Easy installation in minutes
Inexpensive one time investment and maintenance free
Lower vehicle maintenance costs, due to less carbon deposits on engine parts and oil
Too good to be true?
Until you have tried it yourself.
Then, you know it is true!

43. Thank You Together we can ease Global Warming.
An Invisible Story
Together we can ease Global Warming.
Can you ask for anything better than this?
Please give infrared a chance to prove itself
Contact Information:
Dr. Albert Wey (the Inventor)
Aldi Far-IR Products, Inc. (USA)