2. Overview Why Models now out Models coming soon Batteries & charging Electrical grid impacts

3. Why? Macro Security – We NEED oil Financial – Oil accounts for 40% of our trade imbalance Oil – finite resource Global warming/Pollution Safety USA Most electric parts made in USA 62,000,000 Light Trucks and SUV’s Personal Challenge – One of the first Education

4. Oil a problem for the USA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_oil

5. Oil – Finite reserve

6. Oil – Harder to get

7. 30, 000 feet 7,000 feet of ocean 23,000 feet of shale and sediment http://www.grist.org/article/2009-10-08-exploring-extreme-frontiers-of-oil-drilling

8. Global Warming?

9. http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/

10. Global Warming? http://climate.nasa.gov/keyIndicators/index.cfm#SeaLevel Sea Level Measurements

11. BP Explosion Kills 11

12. Alternatives Burry our head in the sand Move to fuel cells Move to hydrogen Move to electric vehicles http://www.teslamotors.com/performance/well_to_wheel.php

13. Overview Why Models now out Models coming soon Batteries & charging Electrical grid impacts

14. Electrics have a long history Anderson Electric 1907

15. Modern electrics started out slow Hobbyists use existing parts

16. Electric has real potential 1 gal gas = 8 kw electric 1 gal gas = $.60 electric Many options to make it Over 3200 conversions http://www.evalbum.com/ http://www.ShockwaveMotors.com

17. Build your own

18. Tesla Roadster Company is now profitable 240 mile range 0-60 in 3.9 seconds 1500+ cars delivered

19. BMW Mini-E California Trials underway 450 cars on the road

20. Chevrolet Volt Fully electric Range extended gas motor Projected launch November 2010

21. Nissan Leaf Fully electric 100 mile range 5 passenger Made in TN Jan 2011

22. Prius – Enginer Conversion Improves mileage 30% $2500 Almost an EV

23. Overview Why Models now out Models Coming Soon Batteries & charging Electrical Grid Impacts

24. Fisker Karma Sales to begin 2 nd qtr. 2011 To be made in Delaware

25. Tesla Model S Sales to begin 2012 To be made in California

26. Overview Why Models now out Models coming soon Batteries & charging Electrical grid impacts

27. Batteries are improving Lithium – 1/3 Weight 2.5X capacity 8x Charge cycles

28. Battery pricing has dropped DateLi - $/Battery 12V 40 amp-hr Pb Battery Optima 38 2/2006$1090$129 1/2009$275$159 4/2009$250 12/2009$200$170

29. Charging TN one of 5 states for initial infrastructure $100 M grant with additional state funds. Trying to ensure the Leaf and new battery plant are a success

30. Charging Level 1 120V 15 Amp 12 hours Level 2 220V 30 Amp 3 hours Level 3 460 V 60 Amp 30 minutes

31. Overview Why Models now out Models coming soon Batteries & charging Electrical grid impacts

32. Grid Impact If charging is done off peak no new plants are needed If charging is done at peak times 160 new power plants needed (17,000 in operation) 25% of miles powered electrically

33. Are electric vehicles 0 emissions? No But even 100% electricity from coal is better. 5-60% lower emissions Coal is worst case Nuclear, Hydro, Wind, Solar are clean Electric powered automobiles, even using the most CO 2 intensive coal produced electricity, produce half the emissions of gasoline powered automobiles. [25] US Dept. Of Energy [25]

35. Questions? dhrivnak@chartertn.net www.hrivnak.com