1. The Metamorphosis FRANZ KAFKA 1. bravenot afraid of danger 2. beat upto hit repeatedly 3. terrifiedvery afraid 4. grabto take something quickly and roughly 5. manage to to succeed in doing something difficult 6. disgustingstrongly disliked

2. The Metamorphosis FRANZ KAFKA 7. smellyhaving a bad odor 8. substanceanything one can touch 9. sootheto relieve 10. faint to lose consciousness, as if you were asleep 11. uselessnot working well or of no use 12. realizeto start to know something you had not noticed before

3. Franz Kafka ( 3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German- language novelist, one of the most influential of the 20th century, whose works came to be regarded after his death as one of the major achievements of world literature.

4. 1~2 cockroach : 바퀴벌레 belly : 배, 복부 ; valley : 계곡, 골짜기 turn over onto his side : 옆으로 몸을 뒤집다 every time he tried = whenever he tried( 그가 시도했을 때 마다 ) traveling salesman : 순회 판매원, 외판원 ( commercial traveler) support : 부양하다 make it : 성공하다, 해내다 answer : ~ 에 대답하다 ; answer her : 그녀의 말에 대답하 다 whisper : 속삭이다

5. Major theme 1. Economic effects on human relationships 2. Family duty 3. Alienation 4. Freedom and escapism 5. Guilt 6. Personal identity

6. 1~2 cockroach : 바퀴벌레 belly : 배, 복부 ; valley : 계곡, 골짜기 turn over onto his side : 옆으로 몸을 뒤집다 every time he tried = whenever he tried( 그가 시도했을 때 마다 ) traveling salesman : 순회 판매원, 외판원 ( commercial traveler) support : 부양하다 make it : 성공하다, 해내다 answer : ~ 에 대답하다 ; answer her : 그녀의 말에 대답하 다 whisper : 속삭이다

7. 과거완료 He looked at the clock and realized he had overslept - it was 6:30!

8. make it - 성공하다 ( 해내다 ) -( 어떤 곳에 간신히 ) 시간 맞춰 가다 The next train left at 7:00. He would have to hurry to make it to make it : ‘ 일곱 시 기차를 타기 위해 ’

9. to 감정, 느낌, 놀라움의 원인을 나타내는 전 치사 ‘to’ When he answered her, he was surprised to hear his voice; it sounded so high. Nice to meet you.

10. 3~4 he had a hard time. : ‘ 그는 고생했다.’ in the air : ‘ 허공에서 ’ back and forth : 이리 저리로 ( 좌우로 혹은 앞뒤로 ) strong : a. 힘센, ad. 힘세게 intensely : 격 ( 렬 ) 하게 all of sudden = suddenly warn : 경고하다 lately : 최근에 ; late : a. 늦은, ad. 늦게 panic : 공포에 질리다 hiss : 쉬쉬하는 소리 a chest of drawers : 서랍장 slipped and fell : ‘ 미끄러 넘어졌다 ’ hold to A : A 를 붙들다

11. why 1) 간접의문문을 이끄는 의문사 why 2)the reason 을 선행사로 취하 는 관계부사 why It was his manager, who had come to see why he was late. 1) 그가 왜 늦었는지를 알기 위해 2) 그가 늦은 이유를 알기 위해

12. 5~7 At the sight of him = When they saw him faint : 기절하다 weep : 눈물을 흘리다, 한탄하다 back : v. 뒤로 물러나다 let go of A : A 를 ( 쥐고 있다 ) 놓다 drop : 떨어지다 grab : 움켜 잡다 walking stick : 지팡이 awoke = woke up leave A B : A 에게 B 를 남겨주다 slide(slid-slid) : 미끄러지다, 슬그머니 움직이다 smelly : 고약한 냄새가 나는 hungrily : 걸신 들린 듯이

13. smell 1) vt. ~ 의 냄새를 맡다 2) vi. ~ 한 냄새가 나 다 He smelled food 2) The room smelt damp. 그 방에서는 눅눅한 냄새가 났다. damp: a. 눅눅한, 축축한

14. 8 grow = become( 차차 ~ 이 되다 ) back and forth : 이리저리 (to and fro) sticky : 끈적거리는 substance : 물질 leave : ( 흔적 따위를 ) 남기다 furniture 는 집학적으로 사용되는 불가산 명사이다. 따라서 가구 한 점을 표현하자면 a furniture 가 아니라 a piece[an article] of furniture 라고 해야 한다. walking space : 보행공간

15. a beautiful woman (who was) dressed in pretty clothes : ‘ 예쁜 옷을 입고 있는 아름다운 여성 ’ get away from A : A 를 벗어나다 ( 피하다 ), A 에게서 탈출하 다 fit through : ( 문 따위를 통과하여 ) 지나가다 pierce : ~ 을 뚫고 들어가다 crawl : 기어가다 (creep)

16. furniture 집합적으로 사용되 는 불가산 명사 가구 한 점 : a piece[an article] of furniture The room is full of old furniture. 그 방은 낡은 가구로 가득 차 있다.

17. v dressed a. 옷을 입은 I can't go to the door—I'm not dressed yet. 나는 문에 나가 볼 수가 없어. 아직 옷을 안 입었어. The bride was dressed in white. 신부는 흰색 옷을 입고 있었다.

18. what 1) 복합관계대명사 2) 의문사 - 간접의문문에서 ( 무엇이 동사하는 지 ) When his father returned home and learned what had happened, 1) 일어났었던 것 ( 일 ) 을 알았다 2) 무슨 일이 일어났었는지를 알았다

19. 9~12 care about : ~ 에 마음 ( 신경 ) 을 쓰다 feed A : A 에게 먹을 것을 주다 weary : 지루한, 따분한, 지친 (tired) the dust and dirt : 먼지와 쓰레기 stick : ~ 을 붙이다 left his door to the dining room open : 식당 쪽으로 나있는 그의 문을 열린 채로 두다 soothe : 위로하다 feel relieved : 안도감을 느끼다 abridge : 요약하다

20. leave + O + O.C 목적어를 ~ 한 상 태로 있게하다 The family now left his door to the dining room open The bomb blast left 25 people dead. 그 폭발 사고로 25 명이 목숨을 잃었다. Don’t leave the baby crying. 아기를 우는 채로 놔 두지 마라.

21. READ FOR MAIN IDEAS Gregor dreams he has become an insect. ->

22. READ FOR MAIN IDEAS Gregor dreams he has become an insect. -> Gregor has become an insect. His family thinks it’s funny when they see Gregor. ->

23. READ FOR MAIN IDEAS Gregor dreams he has become an insect. -> Gregor has become an insect. His family thinks it’s funny when they see Gregor. -> His family is frightened when they see Gregor. Only his mother takes care of him, and she eventually stops. ->

24. READ FOR MAIN IDEAS Gregor dreams he has become an insect. -> Gregor has become an insect. His family thinks it’s funny when they see Gregor. -> His family is frightened when they see Gregor. Only his mother takes care of him, and she eventually stops. -> Only his sister takes care of him, and she eventually stops.

25. READ FOR MAIN IDEAS He dies in the living room as he thinks of his job. ->

26. READ FOR MAIN IDEAS He dies in the living room as he thinks of his job. -> He dies in his room as he thinks about his family. His family feels helpless when he dies. ->

27. READ FOR MAIN IDEAS He dies in the living room as he thinks of his job. -> He dies in his room as he thinks about his family. His family feels helpless when he dies. -> His family feels relieved when he dies.

28. READ FOR DETAILS 1. His sister wanted to know if he was OK. ->

29. READ FOR DETAILS 1. His sister wanted to know if he was OK. -> His sister now whispered through the door, “Gregor, are you all right? Do you need anything?” 2. Because he was very afraid, he promised to come out of his room quickly. ->

30. READ FOR DETAILS 1. His sister wanted to know if he was OK. -> His sister now whispered through the door, “Gregor, are you all right? Do you need anything?” 2. Because he was very afraid, he promised to come out of his room quickly. -> Gregor panicked and said, “No, no, I will come out immediately.”

31. READ FOR DETAILS 3. The manager felt afraid and tried to leave carefully, and Gregor knew he must stop him. ->

32. READ FOR DETAILS 3. The manager felt afraid and tried to leave carefully, and Gregor knew he must stop him. -> He began to back out of the room to leave, and Gregor realized he couldn’t let him go. 4. He moved easily and quietly under the sofa and stayed there until the next day. ->

33. READ FOR DETAILS 3. The manager felt afraid and tried to leave carefully, and Gregor knew he must stop him. -> He began to back out of the room to leave, and Gregor realized he couldn’t let him go. 4. He moved easily and quietly under the sofa and stayed there until the next day. -> He slid under the couch and slept there until morning.

34. READ FOR DETAILS 5. His sister was amazed early the next day when she noticed he had not touched his food. ->

35. READ FOR DETAILS 5. His sister was amazed early the next day when she noticed he had not touched his food. -> The next morning, Gregor’s sister looked in and was surprised to see that he hadn’t eating a thing. 6. At first they didn’t hurt him, but then one cut into him and hurt him badly. ->

36. READ FOR DETAILS 5. His sister was amazed early the next day when she noticed he had not touched his food. -> The next morning, Gregor’s sister looked in and was surprised to see that he hadn’t eating a thing. 6. At first they didn’t hurt him, but then one cut into him and hurt him badly. -> The first few didn’t hurt him, but then one pierced his body, and he felt terrible pain.

37. READ FOR DETAILS 7. Gradually, his sister lost interest in taking care of him. ->

38. READ FOR DETAILS 7. Gradually, his sister lost interest in taking care of him. -> His sister also began to care less and les about feeding him and cleaning his room. 8. It was time to think of how to remove him. ->

39. READ FOR DETAILS 7. Gradually, his sister lost interest in taking care of him. -> His sister also began to care less and les about feeding him and cleaning his room. 8. It was time to think of how to remove him. -> “We must find a way to get rid of this thing.”

40. MAKE INFERENCES 1. In the beginning of the story, Grete loved her brother and cared about him.

41. MAKE INFERENCES 1. In the beginning of the story, Grete loved her brother and cared about him. T: “Gregor, are you all right? Do you need anything?” 2. Gregor wanted to be an insect so that he wouldn’t have to go to work.

42. MAKE INFERENCES 1. In the beginning of the story, Grete loved her brother and cared about him. T: “Gregor, are you all right? Do you need anything?” 2. Gregor wanted to be an insect so that he wouldn’t have to go to work. F 3. Gregor’s family was afraid of him.

43. MAKE INFERENCES 1. In the beginning of the story, Grete loved her brother and cared about him. T: “Gregor, are you all right? Do you need anything?” 2. Gregor wanted to be an insect so that he wouldn’t have to go to work. F 3. Gregor’s family was afraid of him. T: At the sight of him, the manager screamed, his mother fainted, and his father wept.

44. MAKE INFERENCES 4. Gregor was very lonely.

45. MAKE INFERENCES 4. Gregor was very lonely. T: The family now left his door to the dining room open for two hours every night after dinner, and he could listen to their conversation. He really loved this. 5. Grete stopped thinking of Gregor as a person and thought of him only as a disgusting cockroach.

46. MAKE INFERENCES 4. Gregor was very lonely. T: The family now left his door to the dining room open for two hours every night after dinner, and he could listen to their conversation. He really loved this. 5. Grete stopped thinking of Gregor as a person and thought of him only as a disgusting cockroach. T: Grete became very upset. “Momma, Poppa,” she said, “This cannot go on. We must find a way to get rid of this thing. It is destroying our lives.”

47. READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER 1~2 short story( 단편 ) < novella( 중편 ) < novel( 장편 ) because of + 명사상당어구 because S+V turn into A : A 로 변하다

48. READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER 1 “The Metamorphosis” is a short story which is both funny and sad story at the same time. Funny : 바퀴벌레로 적응해 가능 방식 Sad : 혐오스런 존재로서 가족의 사랑 상실

49. READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER Why did Kafka choose to tell a story about a man who turns into a cockroach? 왜 하필이면 혐오스런 벌레를 선택하 였는가 ? 그의 목적이 무엇이었는가 ?

50. READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER 3 or : 즉, 다시 말하면 vermin( 해충 ) rough : 거친, 난폭한 cowardly( 겂이 많은 ) pay off the family debt : 가족의 빚을 청산하다 parasite( 기생충 ) be metamorphosed into A : A 로 탈바꿈하게 되다 ; metamorphose A into B : A 를 B 로 탈바꿈시키다

51. READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER 3 One explanation comes from a word that Kafka used in his story. 바퀴벌레 같은 Gregor : 1) 나약하고 겂이 많아서 / 가족 부양 거부 2) 어린아이처럼 무기력하고 책임감 없는 기생충같은 존재로 변함 기생 관계의 전복

52. READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER 4 http://www.kafka-franz.com/kafka-Biography.htm

53. READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER 4~5 spineless( 줏대가 없는 ) : not brave at all compared to A : A 에 비교해 볼 때 see A as B : A 를 B 라고 생각하다 rebel against A : A 에 대항하다 result in A : A 의 결과를 낳다 separate A from B : A 를 B 로부터 분리하다 동격의 of 는 ‘~ 라는 ’ 으로 옮겨주면 무난하다. work : 작용하다, 효과가 있다 reject : 거부하다 appearance : 겉모습 yet : 하지만

54. READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER 4 Another explanation comes from Kafka’s relationship with his father. 아버지에 비해 나약한 Kafka, 그리고 Gregor 벌레로의 변신 = 아버지에 대한 저항이자 그 저항에 대한 처벌 처벌의 결과 : 물리적, 정서적 분리 -> 죽음

55. READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER 5 Kafka’s choice of an insect makes this story work because many people feel insects are disgusting. 혐오스런 벌레를 소재로 삼음으로써 사람 들의 공감을 살 수 있었음 모두가 꺼려하는 존재가 되어 죽어가면서 도 가족의 사랑을 져버리지 않았던 Gregor

56. R2: Critic’s Interpretation of “ The Metamorphosis” R1: Details from “The Metamorphosis” 1. The story is funny. At the sight of him, the manager screamed, his mother fainted, and his father wept. 2. The story is sad.His mother rushed over to his father to beg him not to kill Gregor, as Gregor slowly crawled back to his room. 3. Gregor wants to be a child again. “Yes, mother. I’m getting up now.”

57. R2: Critic’s Interpretation of “ The Metamorphosis” R1: Details from “The Metamorphosis” 4. Gregor is weak and disgusting. One morning, Gregor Samsa woke up from a bad dream and realized he was some kind of terrible insect. 5. Gregor’s family has been like a parasite to him. He hated his job, but he had to do it to support his father, mother, and sister because his father no longer worked.

58. R2: Critic’s Interpretation of “ The Metamorphosis” R1: Details from “The Metamorphosis” 6. Gregor wants to punish his family. One morning, Gregor Samsa woke up from a bad dream and realized he was some kind of terrible insect. 7. Gregor loves his family. He thought of his family tenderly as he lay there, and when the light began to come through the window, he died.

59. vocabulary 1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave. P. 110

60. vocabulary 1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave. 3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall. P. 110

61. vocabulary 1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave. 3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall. 7. The man was soothed by the soft music. P. 110

62. vocabulary 1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave. 3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall. 7. The man was soothed by the soft music. 8. She’s sick and she looks like she’s going to faint. P. 110

63. vocabulary 1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave. 3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall. 7. The man was soothed by the soft music. 8. She’s sick and she looks like she’s going to faint. 10. The strange substance was green and sticky, and it smelled sweet. P. 110

64. vocabulary 1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave. 3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall. 7. The man was soothed by the soft music. 8. She’s sick and she looks like she’s going to faint. 10. The strange substance was green and sticky, and it smelled sweet. 12. His father beat Gregor back into his bedroom. P. 110

65. vocabulary 1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave. 3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall. 7. The man was soothed by the soft music. 8. She’s sick and she looks like she’s going to faint. 10. The strange substance was green and sticky, and it smelled sweet. 12. His father beat Gregor back into his bedroom. 13. His feet were smelly after being in shoes all day. P. 110

66. vocabulary 2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach. P. 110

67. vocabulary 2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach. 4. Hurry up! Grab your coat and let’s go. P. 110

68. vocabulary 2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach. 4. Hurry up! Grab your coat and let’s go. 5. The food he was eating was disgusting. P. 110

69. vocabulary 2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach. 4. Hurry up! Grab your coat and let’s go. 5. The food he was eating was disgusting. 6. The most disgusting insect is a cockroach. P. 110

70. vocabulary 2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach. 4. Hurry up! Grab your coat and let’s go. 5. The food he was eating was disgusting. 6. The most disgusting insect is a cockroach. 9. She was terrified when she saw the cockroach. P. 110

71. vocabulary 2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach. 4. Hurry up! Grab your coat and let’s go. 5. The food he was eating was disgusting. 6. The most disgusting insect is a cockroach. 9. She was terrified when she saw the cockroach. 11. Gregor’s legs were useless; he couldn’t stand up. P. 110

72. vocabulary 2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach. 4. Hurry up! Grab your coat and let’s go. 5. The food he was eating was disgusting. 6. The most disgusting insect is a cockroach. 9. She was terrified when she saw the cockroach. 11. Gregor’s legs were useless; he couldn’t stand up. P. 110

73. P. 114 Grammar 3 1. Gregor’s manager came to his house to see why he was late. 2. His family locked Gregor in his room to keep him there. 3. His father grabbed a walking stick and newspaper to beat Gregor. 4. Grete went into Gregor’s room every day to feed him. 5. Gregor followed Grete into the dining room to help her. 6. Gregor came out of his room to listen to the music. 7. His family took a train ride to celebrate his death.

74. Youth is happy because it has the ability to see beauty. Anyone who keeps the ability to see beauty never grows old. Youth is happy because it has the ability to see beauty. Anyone who keeps the ability to see beauty never grows old. Productivity is being able to do things that you were never able to do before. Productivity is being able to do things that you were never able to do before. A book must be an ice-axe to break the seas frozen inside our soul. A book must be an ice-axe to break the seas frozen inside our soul. "Isolation is a way to know ourselves." "Isolation is a way to know ourselves." Kafka said...