1. Popular Sovereignty: Broken Compromises

2. Introduction  As the United States continued to expand (Mexican-American War), debates over where slavery should exist will persist in Congress  Popular Sovereignty: The belief that people should be able to choose whether their state would have slaves or not

3. Compromise of 1850 By acquiring land from the Mexican-American war, Southern Senators see an opportunity for more slave states Northerners see this as a threat to the Missouri Compromise After the Gold Rush of 1849, California applies for statehood ◦ Wants to be a free state Missouri Compromise ? Not America

4. Compromise of 1850 Northern States want California to be a free state, Southern states refuse ◦ Disrupts power in Congress Henry Clay draws up the Compromise of 1850 to solve the problem ◦ California gets to enter as a free state ◦ North agrees to fugitive slave law ◦ New Mexico territory: Popular Sovereignty Fugitive Slave Law: Runaway slaves caught in the North must be returned to the South

5. Kansas-Nebraska Act Plans for a Trans- Continental Railroad leads to a debate about where the railroad will begin. Plans for a Trans- Continental Railroad leads to a debate about where the railroad will begin. ◦ Two locations are proposed for the start of the railroad:  St. Louis: Southerners  Chicago: Northerners Stephen Douglass proposes Kansas- Nebraska Act as compromise Stephen Douglass proposes Kansas- Nebraska Act as compromise ◦ North gets railroad in Chicago ◦ Popular Sovereignty allowed in Northern Territories

6. Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act: Popular Sovereignty would decide the slave issue in Nebraska/Kansas Kansas-Nebraska Act: Popular Sovereignty would decide the slave issue in Nebraska/Kansas ◦ Significance: The Kansas-Nebraska act gets rid of the Missouri Compromise and opened slavery to the North

7. “Bleeding Kansas” Kansas applies for statehood, but has to vote on being a slave state or a free state On the day of the vote, pro- slave Missourians flood into Kansas and vote for Kansas to be a slave state ◦ Registered voters in Kansas: 2,905 ◦ Actual ballots cast: 6,307 Pro-slave side wins, but abolitionists in Kansas get angry over voter fraud

8. “Bleeding Kansas” Pro-slave and Abolitionists begin attacking each other Pro-slave and Abolitionists begin attacking each other ◦ Both sides attack civilians in Kansas and Missouri ◦ Both sides were heavily armed ◦ “Mini Civil War ◦ “Mini Civil War”

9. Lincoln and Douglas Debates Due to the Kansas- Nebraska Act, Abraham Lincoln challenged Douglas’ Senate seat Due to the Kansas- Nebraska Act, Abraham Lincoln challenged Douglas’ Senate seat Lincoln stressed no slavery in the western territories Lincoln stressed no slavery in the western territories ◦ Did not want to end slavery in the South, just stop the expansion of slavery

10. Lincoln and Douglas Debates Douglas won the Senate seat Douglas won the Senate seat Significance: It pushed Lincoln into the national spotlight and created the Republican Party Significance: It pushed Lincoln into the national spotlight and created the Republican Party ◦ Party goal: Stop the spread of slavery into territories