1. Effects and Studies on Survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing

2. Effects of the Oklahoma City Bombing Jennifer Baney

3. Outline Outline A) History A) History – About the Building – The bombing – Timothy McVeigh B) Effects B) Effects – Psychiatric effects – PTSD – About PTSD – Studies on Adults and Children C) After Math C) After Math – The Effects and Costs of Terrorism – Terrorism in America – Damages D) Conclusion D) Conclusion – Cost of Memorial – National Memorial – In Remembrance, the Field of Empty Chairs

4. The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building

5. 9:01 AM

6. April 19 th, 1995 9:03 AM

7. The Face of Terror Timothy McVeigh

8. Psychiatric Effects An exhausted firefighter sits down after a long, emotional morning. Post Traumatic symptoms Self defeating thoughts Dysfunctions – Insomnia, self mutilation, aggression, suicide attempts, substance abuse, and grief.

9. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder A rescue worker finds comfort in his rescue dog after searching for survivors in the building for ten hours

10. About PTSD A young boy who lost his mother to the bombing hugs her personal memorial chair Depression Suicidal thoughts Panic attacks Shame Fear

11. Studies: Adults and Children Baylee Amon, an 18 th month old who was in the bombing died shortly after this photo was taken 76% of survivors have experienced PTSD 59% of children directly exposed to the bomb experience depressive symptoms and PTSD 13% of adult male primary victims experienced High rates of alcohol disorders 24% of adult women experience substance abuse with drugs and alcohol 96% of victims directly and indirectly have all faced some traumatic disorder from the bombing

12. The Effects and Costs of Terrorism $681 million in damages $681 million in damages $14.5 million to build the federal building $14.5 million to build the federal building $29 million to build the memorial site $29 million to build the memorial site $724.5 million in total cost $724.5 million in total cost

13. Terrorism in America Tax payers spent $15 million for Timothy McVeigh’s defense Tax payers spent $15 million for Timothy McVeigh’s defense

14. Conclusion The $29 Million Dollar Oklahoma National Memorial

15. National Memorial Two gates reading 9:01 and 9:03; the times before and after the bombing Two gates reading 9:01 and 9:03; the times before and after the bombing The reflection pool The reflection pool

16. Gone but Never Forgotten The 168 chairs representing the victims of April 19, 1995

17. Works Cited Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum. Oklahoma City National Memorial, 2011. Web. 28 Sep 2011.. Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum. Oklahoma City National Memorial, 2011. Web. 28 Sep 2011.. http://www.oklahomacitybombing.com/oklahoma-city-bombing.html http://www.oklahomacitybombing.com/oklahoma-city-bombing.html Caruso, Kevin. "Oklahoma City Bombing." OC bombing. Oklahoma City Bombing, n.d. Web. 28 Sep 2011.. Caruso, Kevin. "Oklahoma City Bombing." OC bombing. Oklahoma City Bombing, n.d. Web. 28 Sep 2011.. http://history1900s.about.com/cs/crimedisaster/p/okcitybombing.htm http://history1900s.about.com/cs/crimedisaster/p/okcitybombing.htm Rosenberg, Jennifer. "about.com 20th century history." about.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sep 2011.. Rosenberg, Jennifer. "about.com 20th century history." about.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sep 2011.. http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/276/5/382.short http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/276/5/382.short Mallonee, Sue. "Physical Injuries and Fatalities Resulting From the Oklahoma City Bombing." n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2011.. Mallonee, Sue. "Physical Injuries and Fatalities Resulting From the Oklahoma City Bombing." n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2011.. http://www.baptiststandard.com/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=9-11-and- OKC.html&Itemid=114 http://www.baptiststandard.com/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=9-11-and- OKC.html&Itemid=114 Knox, Marv. "9/11 and OKC." september 9th 2011: n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2011.. Knox, Marv. "9/11 and OKC." september 9th 2011: n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2011..