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Payloads and Sensors Team
15-18 January 2002
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Rules of Engagement We Are Time Constrained (35 Days Left in the Study) Focus on Military Utility—There is NO Business Case for MSP This is NOT EELV—We Aren’t Competing for Business This is a Joint Warfighting System This is Warfighting 101--Think Like a Warfighter (Dead Targets are the Product) What’s the Threat? What Effect Can I Create in Battle? This IS a Real Coercive Spacepower System Take the Initiative to Get the Information We Need to Be Thorough Major Chris Kinnan: Cell is or Work at is
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Original F-16 Had a Limited Mission
20mm Cannon Sidewinder AAM Pilot APG-65 Radar Original F-16 was designed for an important, but limited role as an air-to-air fighter aircraft only
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F-16 Capabilities—Extended Significantly
New Capabilities Continue to be Developed...
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Military Spaceplane Priorities
Precision Strike Find Fix Track Target Engage Assess Space Superiority ISR Enhancement Spacelift Predictive Battespace Awareness Combat Identification Precision Engagement-Maneuver Combat Effectiveness Assessment
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Team Focus MSP Priorities Are Precision Strike, Space Superiority, ISR Enhancement and Space Support—We Are a Combat System First Threat Analysis Team GSTF Space Requirements Based on DIA Threat Assessment of Anti-access Threats Military Utility Team Apportionment of Specialized Sensors (e.g. HSI, MSI, EO, IR, UV etc.) and Payloads (e.g. CAV with LOCASS, Unitary Penetrator, etc.) Assist ACC in Preparing a Comprehensive GSTF CONOPS Survey Team Given Operationally Responsive Spacelift Develop a Comprehensive List of Industry, DoD and National Community Sensors and Payloads in 2007, 2012 and beyond Determine When the Technologies Mature Determine What Other Areas Must be Addressed if ORS and Responsive Sensors are Available (e.g. TPED, Bandwidth, Architecture, etc)
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Deliverables Threat Team Military Utility Team Survey Team
2010 Threat Analysis RT2 and RT4 Scenario Military Utility Team Propose Base, Enhanced and Execution Force Structure Combat Space Force Apportionment and Allocation Joint Fight Phasing Survey Team Populated Matrix Questions That Must be Answered
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Generating and Executing Coercive Spacepower
MSP 2010 Generating and Executing Coercive Spacepower
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RLV Utility U.S. Commercial Space Sector National Security Sector
Implements QDR “transformation” and “space control” themes Space Commission objectives for RLV: short-notice call-up & lower cost Enables prompt global strike and ISR augmentation from space Enables “launch on demand” to augment, replenish, project, deploy and sustain U.S. space force structure Civil Sector--NASA Improves safety, reliability, availability, and lower cost compared to Shuttle Allows development paths for ISS crew rescue, other future missions U.S. Commercial Space Sector Enhances international competitiveness Stimulates U.S. space industrial base Enables revolution in space business—new markets, elastic demand Improves reliability, availability, flexibility—keys to launcher selection Aligns mission planning lead time with satellite manufacturing in <24 months All Sectors Enables new approaches to satellite design and constellation management On-orbit refueling could extend satellite operating life, improve maneuverability Enables technology insertion during operating life of a satellite block Reusable satellites could cost up to 2/3 less* to build, insure, and operate * 1998 NSSA Launch on Demand Study
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2010 Assumptions Anti-Access Space
Political—Overflight and Troop Footprint Limitations; Restricted LOCs, SPODs and APODs; Geographical Barriers; Limited Forward Operating Bases Military—WMD/WME, Long Range SAMS w/Enhanced IADS, Cruise Missiles, Short to Intermediate Range Missiles Space Limited Number of Quick Response Payloads—Available for Use on Second Pass Political—Space Sanctuary Policy Restrictions, Consortia and Multi-national Space Dependence Sensitivities Military—Proliferation of Commercial Ultra High Resolution Imagery, CNO, Jammers, RFI Weapons, Laser Dazzlers and Limited Numbers of ASATs Tasking, Processing, Exploitation and Dissemination Communications Infrastructure Exists to Provide Space and UAV Imagery to AOCs and Cockpits Improved Data Fusion Capability
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2010 Joint Warfighting Challenges
Precision Strike Payloads Against: Anti-access Threats Enemy Air Defenses C2 Nodes Leadership Hard and Deeply Buried Targets (HDBT) WMD and WME Other Time critical targets ISR Combat identification (Pre-, Trans-Hostilities, Emerging Threats) Predictive Battlespace awareness Battle Damage Assessment Cross Cueing of Space and Terrestrial Platforms and Sensors Combat Search and Rescue
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JWCA Precision Engagement Shortfalls
INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS BATTLE MANAGEMENT ATTACK EXECUTION Responsiveness (Re) Tasking Processing (Fusion) Exploration Dissemination Connectivity Need More Networked Systems ONA / IPB Sensor Capabilities Combat Identification Adverse Weather Defeat Countermeasures Predict/Maintain Target Track Determine Effects Broad Area Search Responsiveness Decision Process / Time Weapons Tasking TTP Connectivity Enhanced Joint C2 Networked Operations Consistent Relevant Operational Picture Multi-Nation / Coalition Operations Bandwidth Effects Assessment Capabilities and Procedures Responsiveness Cross Component Coordination Mission Planning Flight Time Connectivity Survivability Accuracy Non-Lethal Capabilities Affordability Source: DoD Precision Engagement Strategic Study
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Syntetic Aperture Radar
ACC GSTF Requirements PAYLOAD REQUIREMENTS SENSOR REQUIREMENTS Integrate MSP Into CAOC Tasking Cycle Deliver Munitions 250 lb – 2000 lb GP Warheads CAV Guided Munitions Cluster Munitions Directed Energy All Weather, Precision Attack Capable (GPS Independent/Dependent) Precision Weapon CEP (<3 m) Integrate MSP Into CAOC Tasking Cycle IMINT Combat Identification (NIIRS 4-6) Rapid Retarget/Restrike (NIIRS 6-7) Continuous 24/7 Surveillance All Weather EO, IR, SAR, HIS, SIGINT, MASINT SIGINT Multi-Spectral Camera Syntetic Aperture Radar (SAR/MTI)
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Vigilance, Reach, and Power
Future Space Warfare Space basing advantages Reduced crisis-reaction timelines -- Schriever 2001 results Situational awareness cueing and support Persistent presence Defeat anti-access threat – overflight advantage Enabler for operations Enablers Responsive space access (Military Spaceplane) GMTI/AMTI (Space-Based Radar) Multi-phenomenology Vigilance, Reach, and Power
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Globally Integrated Air and Space Striking Power
Key Roles for MSP Deterrence, Presence, Power Projection and Coercion Space Superiority Theater Integration Enhanced ISR for Full Spectrum Predictive Battlespace Awareness Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) Rapid Strike -- Adversary Vital Interests Halt Phase Precision Strike for Global Strike Task Force Enable and Support Combat Search and Rescue Operations Support Homeland Defense Globally Integrated Air and Space Striking Power
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MSP Operational Tasks Conduct Offensive and Defensive Counterspace Operations Radio Frequency and Microwave Systems Jamming Deploy Systems for and Conduct Operations to Provide Space Situational Awareness Reachback and Covert Communications Tactical Reconnaissance Battle Management and Intercept (GMTI and AMTI) Immediate and Post-strike Battle Damage Assessment Deliver Decisive Precision Firepower Covert and Non-nuclear strike (Immediate Response Option) Halt Phase Time Critical and Hardened Targets
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Generating Space Power
OPERATIONS Space Superiority Full Force Theater C2 Responsive ISR Global Strike Operations Satellite Constellation Reconstitution ALERT ORDER Generate Sorties, Conduct Mission Planning and Schedule ATO Sorties Pre-position Payloads and Protection Assets Deploy Payloads as Required Confirm OPCON and TACON WARNING ORDER Complete All MSP Maintenance Ready Quick-Launch and Strike Sorties Deploy Additional Payloads Recover and Replace Orbiting Systems as Required EXECUTION ORDER Recover and Replace Orbiting Systems On-demand Augmentation Maintain Sortie Turn Rate to Meet ATO Commitments
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Base Force Area of Interest Strategic Space
Long duration, global mission Responsiveness limited by fixed orbits and strategic tasking Limited ability to replenish Limited data direct to theater No upgrades Crewed Aircraft May require some air superiority Significant forward support req’d Somewhat limited coverage area Highly responsive once deployed Upgrade-able Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Forward support req’d Limited area coverage Highly responsive once deployed Upgrade-able Area of Interest
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Enhanced and Execution Force
Augmentation Launched on need into tailored orbits Mission-specific payloads (augment or replenish) Direct tasking from theater (assured data receipt) Upgrade-able until launched Possibly recoverable or reusable Area of Interest
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Space Combat Power
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Military Spaceplane Combat Operations
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Pre-Conflict GSTF Components
Communications Warning Navigation Surge ISR Five Builds: Before open initiation of hostilities, space assets will have primary responsibility for laying groundwork for our forces. Build 1[Basic Chart] - Additional assets will be put in place by SOV to enhance or repair the space order of battle (SOB) Build 2[Mouse Click #1] - GPS will provide positioning information for recon special forces and location of tagged assets Build 3[Mouse Click #2] - Improved ISR capabilities (SMV Based, SBR and NTM ) will shorten the time necessary to perform Intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB) and determine adversary SOB Build 4[Mouse Click #3] - DSCS and commercial communications will provide critical data linkages Build 5[Mouse Click #4] - Early warning capabilities will survey the adversary for threat of preemptive attacks
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Military Spaceplane Combat Operations
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Conflict GSTF Components
Space Superiority Secure Comms Secure Comms Navigation NavWar Precision Strike Strike ISR 6 Builds - In the early phase of conflict, full advantage will be taken of stealthy air assets and space capabilities Build CAV will be deployed from ground, air, and/or spaceborne assets against high priority strategic and critical tactical targets such as power facilities, SAM sites, and airfields Build SMV will be employed carrying both attack microsatellites and direct attack payloads such as blinders and jammers to defeat adversary use of space Build Milstar will ensure tactically survivable secure communications for command of forces Build 4 -- GPS will be employed in NAVWAR modes of operation to ensure denial of positioning information to adversaries Build 5 -- Stealthy UAVs will begin to perform deep penetration ISR to characterize and locate IADS components such as SAM radars Build F-22 and B-2 and further CAV launches will be employed to perform “kick-down-the-door” strike operations Space/air/ground-launched CAV
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Military Spaceplane Combat Operations
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BDA GSTF Components Rapid Force Reconstitution Reconstitution
ISR (BDA/PBA) Full force C2 3 Builds - Following the first and successive waves of strikes, spaceborne and later airborne assets will be used in the theater to: Build 1--characterize strike success (battle damage assessment) and determine re-roll for next round strike allocations Build 2 --If and when friendly space assets are affected by adversary action, SOV will perform constellation reconstitution to ensure integrity of space capability Build dynamically command and control forces in the field
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Sustained Operations Full force C2 Strike 3 Builds
Build 1- Space continues to provide persistent ISR and Strike, now enhanced by long duration UAV assets Build 2- Once a permissive environment has been established and confirmed, C2 is normalized, and both air and most space forces are controlled from the theater Build 3- other assets and forces enter operation for sustainment of force application until objectives are met. These assets can include, but are not limited to: -- Navy Carrier Battle Groups -- JSF airborne attack -- B-52 airborne attack -- Conventional land forces
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Military Spaceplane Combat Operations
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Military Spaceplane Combat Operations
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Sources Driving Requirements for Force Transformation
Deriving the MSP Combat Niche
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Achieving Information and Decision Superiority
Forces that Operate with the Capability to: Operate Inside the Adversary’s Decision Cycle Combine Both Precision and Speed Respond Rapidly and Potently to the Full Range of Contingencies Are Parallel, Continuous and Seamless Rather Than Sequential, Scheduled and Segmented Match Tactical Actions to Strategic and Operational Ends Critical Elements Command and Control Information and Communications Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Information Operations Source: QDR Transformation Study Report, 27 April 2001
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Information and Decision Superiority
Key Operational Capabilities Cohesive, Always Available, Joint C2 System People, Networks and Decision Tools Rapid Decisive Ops w/Distributed Joint Forces Full Spectrum Operations Enabling Capabilities Joint Rather Than Service Headquarters Standards of Readiness, Response and Performance Integrated Planning, Execution and Assessment Implement Family of Interoperable Operating Pictures Web-based, Robust, Wide-band, Ubiquitous Networks Integrated Space-based Capabilities and Airborne Relay Providing Global Reach Passive, Flexible Tactical Entry Portal into the Network Accelerate Fielding of Joint Airborne Communications Relays for Tactical and Ground-Air-Space Connectivity Develop and Field National EHF and Laser SATCOM Systems Source: QDR Transformation Study Report, 27 April 2001
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Information and Decision Superiority
Key Operational Capabilities Engagement Quality, Shared, Comprehensive, Dynamic Depiction of the Entire Battle Space Shape the Battle Engage Targets Sensor-to-Shooter and Sensor-to-Decider-to-Action Enabling Capabilities Networked ISR Assets Tasking, Fusion, Tracking, Discrimination and Other Sensor Exploitation Systems Everything on Network is a Sensor (Eyeball, Laser Range Finder, Smart Weapons) High Density Upgrades of Airborne Sensors, More UAVs, Introduction of Space-based Radar Multi-Phenomenology: Advanced Radars, HSI/MSI, Unattended Ground Sensors Responsive to Joint Force Commander Pre-hostility Presence Engagement Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace/Predictive Battlespace Awareness ISR Deterrent (Coercive Spacepower) Source: QDR Transformation Study Report, 27 April 2001
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Source: QDR Transformation Study Report, 27 April 2001
Precision Strike Forces that Deter, Assure, Dissuade with the Capability to: Rapidly Respond Globally With U.S. Based Long Range Forces Integrate With Single Joint Force Package Enable Alert Force Posturing to Demonstrate U.S. Resolve Critical Elements Long Range Precision Attack Time Critical Precision Targeting Supporting Forces Direct Force Insertion Source: QDR Transformation Study Report, 27 April 2001
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Ops Capabilities—Precision Strike Maneuver
Key Operational Capabilities Rapid Application of Joint Forces Directly to Centers of Gravity Minimal Intermediate Staging Bases or Support Buildup Flexibility to Recast or Reorient Forces in the Midst of Conflict Ability to Apply Decisive Combat Power Throughout the Battle Area Enabling Capabilities Project Forces from Home Station Directly into Forward Ops Area Place the Right Force in the Right Place at the Right Time Overcome Enemy Anti-Access Measures Quickly Move, Shift or Reconfigure Forces Simultaneously Concentrate Overwhelming Combat Power Light Lethal High Mobility Systems Apply Force Visibility to Effectively Exploit Movement Capability Fire Support for Land Operations and Deep Strike Source: QDR Transformation Study Report, 27 April 2001
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Ops Capabilities—Precision Strike Maneuver
Key Operational Capabilities Rapid Application of Joint Forces Directly to Centers of Gravity Minimal Intermediate Staging Bases or Support Buildup Flexibility to Recast or Reorient Forces in the Midst of Conflict Ability to Apply Decisive Combat Power Throughout the Battle Area Enabling Capabilities Project Forces from Home Station Directly into Forward Ops Area Place the Right Force in the Right Place at the Right Time Overcome Enemy Anti-Access Measures Quickly Move, Shift or Reconfigure Forces Simultaneously Concentrate Overwhelming Combat Power Light Lethal High Mobility Systems Apply Force Visibility to Effectively Exploit Movement Capability Fire Support for Land Operations and Deep Strike Source: QDR Transformation Study Report, 27 April 2001
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Dominating Land, Sea, Air and Space Battlespace
Forces that are Decisive on Any Battlefield with the Capability to: Respond Globally to Build on Forward Deployed and Rapid Response Forces Integrate With or Absorb Previously Deployed Operating Forces into a Single Integrated Campaign Force Provide all Required Force Sustainment Conduct Robust Space, Ground, Sea and Air Campaign Through Integrated Fires and Maneuver—Enabled by Advanced Intelligence and Logistics Critical Elements Command and Control Maneuver and Mobility Intelligence Fires Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Defenses Source: QDR Transformation Study Report, 27 April 2001
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Dominating Land, Sea, Air and Space Battlespace
Key Operational Capabilities Predictive Battlespace Awareness Continuous Command and Control Rapid Application of Joint Forces Directly to Centers of Gravity With Minimal Intermediate Staging Bases or Support Buildup Flexibility to Recast or Reorient Forces in the Midst of Conflict Apply Decisive Combat Power Throughout the Battle Area Enabling Capabilities Ability to Project Combat Power from Home Station Directly Into Forward Operating Areas Standards of Readiness, Response and Performance Integrated Planning, Execution and Assessment Implement Family of Interoperable Operating Pictures Web-based, Robust, Wide-band, Ubiquitous Networks Integrated Space-based Capabilities and Airborne Relay Providing Global Reach Passive, Flexible Tactical Entry Portal into the Network Accelerate Fielding of Joint Airborne Communications Relays for Tactical and Ground-Air-Space Connectivity Develop and Field National EHF and Laser SATCOM Systems Source: QDR Transformation Study Report, 27 April 2001
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Syntetic Aperture Radar
MSP Sensor Payloads EO/IR Film Cameras (Stereo) CCD Camera Comm and Data Relay (store and forward) Ka-Band Downlink Forward Looking IR (FLIR) EO Combo SIGINT Plug-in Optronic Payload Chemical/Bio Detection S-Band Comm IR MicroCam Syntetic Aperture Radar (SAR/MTI) Multi-Spectral Camera HyperSpectral Imager Weather Imager K-Band Antenna Multi-Phase Antenna Array Space-to-Ground Delivery (CAV) XBand Phased Array Comm Space Control
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Possible ISR Data and Control Concept
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TacSpace ISR Tasking Flow to Theater*
* one notional tasking flow; others are possible NCA Request/Approval TacSpace Requirements Unified Commands Other DoD National Agencies JCS/ROD TacSat Tasked Resource Approval USJFCOM Wartime Tasking Procedures TacSat Commit USSPC CINC/JFC Resources Allocated AFSPC J2 / J3 JIC / JRC JFSCC* SOC Mission Planning Tasking Coordination Execute Track TacSat Wing Launch/Operations TacSat DET / OPS Requirements In Theater Operations *JFACC space equivalent
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