2. Ch. 14 sec. 3 page 393

3. England: “land of the Angles” Celts Romans Germanic Tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) + Vikings

4. Alfred the Great: King 871-899 Unites Anglo-Saxons Turned back Viking invaders Later…

5. Edward the Confessor: 1042-1066 No heir, so three claim throne

6. 1066 A.D.: Three claim throne… King Harald of Norway Duke William II of Normandy Harold Godwinson of Wessex

8. 1066 A.D.: Three claim throne… King Harald of Norway Duke William II of Normandy Harold of Wessex becomes King Harold II

9. 1066 A.D.: Three claim throne… King Harald of Norway attacks and is killed.

10. 1066 A.D.: Three claim throne… Duke William II of Normandy attacks King Harold at the Battle of Hastings

11. The Bayeux Tapestry (1066 A.D.) “Here King Harold is slain”

12. 1066 A.D.: Three claim throne… Duke William II of Normandy wins, becomes William the Conqueror - -Declares all of England his personal property (Feudalism) Later…

13. Henry II: 1154-1189 strengthened Royal Courts introduced Juries (p.394) established Common Law – rulings by courts

14. Richard (I) the Lion-Heart King from 1189-1199 Left no heir You may know him from the story of…

15. Robin Hood…

16. While on the Third Crusade…

17. Prince John…

18. Actually…

19. Returning from the Crusade…

20. Richard is shot by an arrow…

21. And dies of Gangrene

22. John Softsword: 1199-1216 Trouble with the Church Trouble with the Nobles

23. King John vs. The Church

24. Kingly Troubles Many kings became ruthless and increasingly power hungry.

25. Kingly Troubles Many kings became ruthless and increasingly power hungry. King John argues with Pope Innocent III over picking new Arch-Bishop of Canterbury

26. Troubles with the Church Pope chooses… King John won’t allow him in England and seizes Church land

27. Troubles with the Church So, the Pope excommunicates King John placed an interdict on England

28. Troubles with the Church King John eventually gives in Must pay compensation to Church

29. King John vs. The Nobles

30. The Magna Carta 1215 A.D. Nobles were upset due to: Argument with Pope (interdict) High taxes; cruelty Lost costly wars (lost Normandy) So, they REBEL

31. The Magna Carta They wrote out a list of their demands called the Magna Carta “Great Charter”. They said either you agree to our demands or no more feudalism.

33. In Common?

34. Your lands cannot be taken in payment for debt as long as you pay the debt some other way. For small offences you will face only a small penalty. The rights of the Church are considered to be the same as the rights of freemen. The King shall not raise taxes without first consulting with the barons. No widow shall be forced to marry so long as she prefers to live without a husband. The Magna Carta Nobles will face punishment only by other nobles. No one will be forced to make bridges at river-banks. (seriously) There shall be standard weights and measures throughout the realm. No one will be put in jail without first having a trial by jury. The king, like all others in England, must follow the law. The king cannot force anyone to go to war outside of the country.

35. The Magna Carta I, King John, accept that I have to rule according to the law. So I agree: 1.Not to imprison nobles without trial 2.To have fair taxation for the nobles 3.To let nobles travel wherever they like 4.Not to interfere in Church matters 5.Not to take crops without paying for them …and lot more things too!! This is Important!

36. Magna Carta: page 395 Written by Nobles, signed/ sealed by King John Limits King’s powers Guarantees certain rights Later…

37. Edward I 1272-1307 Edward “Longshanks” 1295 A.D. – created the “Model Parliament” with Lords, Knights, Bishops, and Burgesses* *Commoner or Freeman

38. What about France? P. 397: Estates-General