1. The Developing World in the 20 th Century Africa and Latin America

2. AFRICA SINCE 1960

4. Characteristics of modernization are absent Industrialization Democracy Stability has not been achieved Nigeria, Kenya, most of Africa Partial industrialization Democratic processes Rapid modernization Mexico, Argentina, and South Africa CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPING WORLD Newly Industrializing Less Developed

5. AFRICA SINCE 1960 Africa’s post WWII experience has been unpleasant. Africa has had to face the following disasters As a post-colonial country it has faced a stagnated development It has had to deal with the rapid spread of disease Expansion of the Sahara and spread of famine and drought Dramatic political unrest Tribal conflict and ethnic violence

9. A PRIMARY ACCOUNT TO CONSIDER Dry Your Tears, Africa. By Bernard Dadide Dry your tears, Africa! Your Children come back to you Out of the storms and squalls of fruitless journeys Over the gold of the east and the purple of the setting sun the peaks of proud mountains and the grasslands drenched in light They return to you… And our senses are now opened To the splendor of your beauty To the smell of your forests To the charms of your waters The clearness of your skies To the caress of your sun…

10. INDEPENDENCE AND HARDSHIP The Case of Kenya A bi-product of African Nationalism A struggle that was violent Clashes broke out between white settlers and black nationalists Kikuyu violence led to the British suppressing all nationalistm Jomo Kenyatta Battles…12,000 Kenyan casualties, 100 British Yet they broke the British will to fight

11. KWAME NKRUMAH Political parties and mass action were the policies of Nkrumah 1 st Sub Saharan African nation to achieve independence Called for African unity Set a model for other independent movements in that it was peaceful.

12. GENOCIDE AND AFRICAN POLITICS Violence between ethnic groups is nothing new in Africa. The degree to which it impacted Rwanda is however new. Hotel Rwanda Hutu and Tutsi

19. DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA A subject of much debate among scholars. The democracies in the wake of decolonization in Africa proved to be fragile and often fell to miliary coups or were taken over by single party authoritarian systems. Africas initial rejection of democracy has sometimes been taken as a sign that they were not ready for democratic politics.

23. ABBREVIATED HOPE

24. A SAD COMMENTARY