1. Protein Synthesis

2. DNA
Double stranded
Complimentary
Composed of Nucleotides

3. DNA replication
DNA Helicase – breaks hydrogen bonds holding complimentary strands together
Forms replication fork
Leading strand
Lagging strand

4. DNA Replication
DNA is read 5’ to 3’

5. Leading Stand
Helicase -> RNA pimase -> DNA polymerase

6. Lagging Stands
Helicase -> RNA primase -> DNA polymerase -> okazaki fragments -> DNA polymerase cleans up RNA primase strand -> DNA ligase

7. Movie
Replication

8. Protein Synthesis 2 parts Transcription Translation
To copy segment of DNA
Translation
To translate the language of nitrogenous bases into amino acids

9. RNA vs. DNA Difference between mRNA and DNA
Single stranded vs. Double stranded
The sugar has an extra oxygen, ribose vs. deoxyribose
Uses uricil “U” instead of thymine

10. Transcription Production of mRNA
RNA primase binds to DNA at a promoter region
RNA polymerase adds bases copying the gene

11. Movie
Transcription

12. Packaged mRNA is processed to leave the nucleus Extras are cut out
Splicosomes
Introns
Exons
Poly-A tail
5’ cap

13. Translation A G C U mRNA has left the nucleus. Binds with ribosome
mRNA -> tRNA -> amino acids -> folded proteins
What’s the Problem?
mRNA
UGGCUUGCAUGCCGGAGUCCACGUAAUCA
Into
Amino acids A G C U
Amino Acids

14. Translation tRNA consists of a Codon – 3 base sequence on
Anticodon – 3 bases that match codon
Amino acid
Codon – 3 base sequence on
mRNA

15. Translation
mRNA -> tRNA -> amino acids -> proteins

16. Translation
mRNA
UGGCUUGCAUGCCGGAGUCCACGUAAUCA

17. Movie
Translation