1. Topic: Genetics Aim: What is DNA?
Do Now: Make a K-W-L chart regarding DNA. Fill in the K (what you know) and W (what you want to know) columns.

2. What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid Makes up genes
Stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to the next
Discovered by James Watson & Francis Crick in 1962 (Nobel Prize)
What is the function of DNA?
Who discovered DNA? When?
Discovery of DNA was the most important event of the twentieth century.
What do chromosomes contain? Genes.

3. What does DNA look like? A “spiral staircase” called a double helix
Double helix (2 strands)

4. Structure of DNA What is a nucleotide?
Building block of DNA
Contains a phosphate, sugar, and
nitrogen base
Two chains of these make up a DNA molecule
Nucleotide

5. DNA Molecule

6. What are nitrogen bases?
Represent the “steps”
Four different nitrogen bases in DNA
Adenine (A) – Thymine (T)
Guanine (G) – Cytosine (C)
Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T)
Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C)
Example:
A T G C
T A C G

7. Draw the complimentary strand of DNA.

8. Aim: How does DNA replicate?
Topic: Genetics
Aim: How does DNA replicate?
Do Now: A strand of DNA has the bases ATTGCCTAATGCGTA. What would be the sequence of the matching strand of DNA?

9. Aim: How does DNA replicate? Do Now: Draw and label a nucleotide.
Topic: Genetics
Aim: How does DNA replicate?
Do Now: Draw and label a nucleotide.

10. How does DNA replicate? Two strand of DNA DNA unzips
Free nucleotides match up with the strands
Each new DNA has 1 old strand and 1 new strand 3. 1 2.

11. DNA Replication

12. Aim: How is DNA organized? Do Now: Explain how DNA is replicated.
Topic: Genetics
Aim: How is DNA organized?
Do Now: Explain how DNA is replicated.

13. What is a chromosome? Made of DNA
Chromosomes are made of many genes joined together like beads on a string
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell with more than 60,000 genes

14. What determines which genes are on a chromosome?
DNA ladder may contain thousands of rungs and nitrogen bases
The order of nitrogen bases determines the particular gene on the chromosome
The “genetic code” – order of nitrogen bases on the DNA molecule
The genetic code (order of nitrogen bases) tells the cell what proteins to make

15. Topic: Genetics Aim: What is RNA?
Do Now: Draw a nucleotide and label all parts? How does a nucleotide relate to DNA?

16. What is protein synthesis?
The cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to make a specific protein
Proteins are made of chains of amino acids
Proteins are made in the ribosomes found in cytoplasm
Codes for making protein are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes by RNA
Amino Acids

17. What is RNA? RNA – Ribonucleic acid Only one strand
Sugar in RNA = ribose
Sugar in DNA = deoxyribose
No thymine (T) in RNA, instead it has URACIL (U)
example:
AGTGCTAAT = DNA strand
UCACGAUUA = complimentary RNA strand

18. What are the types of RNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA): copies code from DNA and brings it out to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
Transfer RNA (tRNA): carries amino acids (building blocks of proteins) and adds them to the new growing protein
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): make up ribosomes

19. Protein Synthesis

20. Protein Synthesis in Motion

21. Quiz A – DNA 3 2 What is the name of structure #1?
Structures 1, 2, & 3 make up what larger structure?
A strand of DNA has the bases GTAATG. What would be the sequence of the complimentary strand of DNA? 1 3 2
BONUS: What is the shape of DNA?

22. Quiz B – DNA 3 2 What is the name of structure #1?
Structures 1, 2, & 3 make up what larger structure?
A strand of DNA has the bases GTAATG. What would be the sequence of the complimentary strand of DNA? 1 3 2
BONUS: What is the shape of DNA?

23. Quiz C – DNA 3 2 What is the name of structure #1?
Structures 1, 2, & 3 make up what larger structure?
A strand of DNA has the bases GTAATG. What would be the sequence of the complimentary strand of DNA? 1 3 2
BONUS: What is the shape of DNA?

24. Quiz D – DNA 3 2 What is the name of structure #1?
Structures 1, 2, & 3 make up what larger structure?
A strand of DNA has the bases GTAATG. What would be the sequence of the complimentary strand of DNA? 1 3 2
BONUS: What is the shape of DNA?

25. Quiz 7A – DNA 1-4. Draw and label a nucleotide.
5. How does a nucleotide relate to a DNA molecule?
What is the shape of DNA?
7-8. What makes up the backbone (sides) of a DNA molecule?
A strand of DNA has the bases GTAATG. What would be the sequence of the complimentary strand of DNA?
In RNA, Adenine
pairs with what
nitrogen base?