1. The Reformation Mr. Williamson Somerville HS

2. An Introduction As wealth/influence of Catholic Church grew, examples of financial/power abuse, immorality grew as well Public’s view of CLERGY (priests, monks) weakens Heavy taxation on poor/middle class to pay Renaissance artists (Michelangelo, etc.) causes discontent

3. An Introduction In order to raise $ to build Saint Peter’s Basilica, Pope Leo X approved the sale of INDULGENCES ◦ Pardon/Amnesty issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory In the Catholic faith, purgatory is where a soul goes to work off the “sins” they committed

4. An Introduction People now become more devoted to their “nation” vs. the church. ◦ Were citizens of a government Popes lead lavish lives, increased fees for marriages, baptisms Presence of the printing press starts to spread literature throughout Europe ◦ Humanist ideas, education, social reform People start to question the Church!

5. Reformation Review – p. 450 (top) in text What are the factors that set the stage for change in the Catholic Church? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9.

6. Partner Challenge Imagine you and your partner are store owners who attend religious services regularly, donates money/clothing to the Church. You are fed up with how the Church is conducting business and see the corruption first hand. Compose a letter (Dear…) to the church summarizing your unhappiness with how the church is moving forward. Name at least 4 specific items that you are upset with and how they are ruining your view of the church. 2 Paragraphs total, letter format please!

7. Martin Luther steps in Martin Luther – German monk, professor of theology (study of religion) 1517 – Protests against the church, spreads into a full scale revolt Saw the church as corrupt/needed immediate change In Wittenberg, Germany he posts his arguments against the church, known as the “95 Theses”

8. His Argument “95 Theses” – argued against indulgences “95 Theses” spreads quickly given the new technology of the printing press Church demanded he give up on his views, he refused 1521 – Pope Leo X excommunicated/expelled Luther, declared an outlaw

9. His Argument Many accepted his views/teachings and rejected the authority of the pope His teachings – Main Themes ◦ All have equal access to God through faith/bible ◦ Wanted schools so children could read the bible ◦ Banned confession, indulgences, prayers to saints ◦ Permitted the clergy to marry

10. Martin Luther Video Presentation Environment: Describe the landscape they see in the film clips Activities: What activities were popular in that location as described in the film? Social Issues: What were the issues important in each community at the time Luther was a resident? Effect on Luther: After seeing and hearing about each location, explain how that location affected Luther's ideas and attitudes.

11. 95 Theses Activity Using your partner, knowledge of Martin Luther and your SHS student handbook, create a list of your “10 Theses” You will use the student handbook to brainstorm a minimum of 10 grievances (15 maximum) you have with school administration/district You will have 20 minutes to create/rank your grievances then conduct a short oral presentation from your seats explaining your conclusions You will submit your grievances for a project grade, good luck!

12. His Ideas Spread Lutherans – Martin Luther’s followers New name – Protestant after they protested papal authority Edict of Worms – 1521, official split between Catholics/Lutherans Lutheranism in Germany spreads

13. Reformation Spreads Switzerland – Ulrich Zwingli, began preaching ideas similar to Luther ◦ However, his reforms went further than Luther’s Ideas on religion viewed as radical Supported a theocracy ◦ Gov’t in which state/religion are joined and officials are religiously inspired

14. Reformation Spreads John Calvin – born in France, trained as a priest and lawyer, influenced by Renaissance humanists Preached Predestination ◦ Idea that God had long ago determined who would gain “salvation” Took root in city of Geneva, Switzerland, theocratic government Calvinism viewed people as sinful, very strict laws on people’s behavior, church attendance is mandatory

15. Reformation Spreads Venn Diagram Review Using notes and p. 452 in text, complete the Venn Diagram by comparing/contrasting Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin. The goal is to have 4-5 items in each zone. Complete with your partner, you have 7 minutes. We will review as a class.

16. English Reformation King Henry VIII – sought an annulment (cancel) his marriage since divorce was not allowed in the Catholic Church His request was denied by the pope and decides to break away from the church English church is now under Henry’s rule, he executes individuals resistant to change (Catholics)

17. English Reformation Henry orders all Catholic churches, convents to close Their land, wealth was taken Secured support from nobles to start the Anglican Church (Church of England) ◦ Rejected most Protestant doctrines ◦ Much of his religion was based on Catholic forms of worship

18. English Reformation Battle between Catholics and Protestants went on for years until Queen Elizabeth created a compromise for both Acceptable middle ground for Protestants/Catholics Allowed English instead of Latin Accepted moderate Protestant doctrines Largely ended decades of religious turmoil

19. Counter-Reformation Reform movement within the Catholic church led by Pope Paul III Done in response to Protestantism ◦ Wanted to revive moral authority ◦ Stop the spread of Protestantism ◦ End corruption

20. Jesuits Pope recognizes a new order, Society of Jesus or Jesuits Founded by Ignatius of Loyola, focused on: ◦ Spiritual/moral discipline ◦ Absolute obedience to the church ◦ Concentrated on education by establishing missions, schools and universities ◦ Job was to spread the faith around the world/ regain ground against Protestantism

21. Council of Trent 1545-1563 – Pope Paul III called a meeting to examine Protestant challenges/clarify Catholic teachings Representatives addressed corruption, training of priests, removed sale of indulgences Rejected Protestant beliefs/argued that church could provide salvation through practices Catholics now have renewed energy/confidence