1. Annuities and Sinking Funds
Chapter 13
Annuities and Sinking Funds
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2011 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Learning Unit Objectives
#13
Annuities and Sinking Funds
Learning Unit Objectives
Annuities: Ordinary Annuity and Annuity Due (Find Future Value)
LU13.1
Differentiate between contingent annuities and annuities certain
Calculate the future value of an ordinary annuity and an annuity due manually and by table lookup

3. Learning Unit Objectives
#13
Annuities and Sinking Funds
Learning Unit Objectives
Present Value of an Ordinary Annuity (Find Present Value)
LU13.2
Calculate the present value of an ordinary annuity by table lookup and manually check the calculation
Compare the calculation of the present value of one lump sum versus the present value of an ordinary annuity

4. Learning Unit Objectives
#13
Annuities and Sinking Funds
Learning Unit Objectives
LU13.3
Sinking Funds (Find Periodic Payments
Calculate the payment made at the end of each period by table lookup
Check table lookup by using ordinary annuity table

5. Compounding Interest (Future Value)
Term of the annuity - the time from the beginning of the first payment period to the end of the last payment period.
Annuity - A series of payments
Present value of an annuity - the amount of money needed to invest today in order to receive a stream of payments for a given number of years in the future
Future value of annuity - the future dollar amount of a series of payments plus interest

6. Figure 13.1 Future value of an annuity of $1 at 8%
$3.2464
$2.08
$1.00
End of period

7. Classification of Annuities
Contingent Annuities - have no fixed number of payments but depend on an uncertain event
Annuities certain - have a specific stated number of payments
Life Insurance payments
Mortgage payments

8. Classification of Annuities
Annuity due - regular deposits/payments made at the beginning of the period
Ordinary annuity - regular deposits/payments made at the end of the period
Jan. 31 Monthly Jan. 1
June 30 Quarterly April 1
Dec. 31 Semiannually July 1
Dec. 31 Annually Jan. 1

9. Calculating Future Value of an Ordinary Annuity Manually
Step 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the end
of the desired period is reached.
Step 3. Add the additional investment at the end of period 2 to the new balance.
Step 2. For period 2, calculate interest on the balance and add the interest to the previous balance.
Step 1. For period 1, no interest calculation is necessary, since money is invested at the end of period

10. Calculating Future Value of an Ordinary Annuity Manually
Find the value of an investment after 3 years for a $3,000 ordinary annuity at 8%

11. Calculating Future Value of an Ordinary Annuity by Table Lookup
Step 3. Multiply the payment each period by the table factor. This gives the future value of the annuity.
Future value of = Annuity pymt. x Ordinary annuity
ordinary annuity each period table factor
Step 2. Lookup the periods and rate in an ordinary annuity table. The intersection gives the table factor for the future value of $1
Step 1. Calculate the number of periods and rate per period

12. Table 13.1 Ordinary annuity table: Compound sum of an annuity of $1

13. Future Value of an Ordinary Annuity
Find the value of an investment after 3 years for a $3,000 ordinary annuity at 8%
N = 3 x 1 = 3
R = 8%/1 = 8%
x $3,000
$9,739.20

14. Calculating Future Value of an Annuity Due Manually
Step 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 until the end of the desired period is reached.
Step 2. Add additional investment at the beginning of the period to the new balance.
Step 1. Calculate the interest on the balance for the period and add it to the previous balance

15. Calculating Future Value of an Annuity Due Manually
Find the value of an investment after 3 years for a $3,000 annuity due at 8%

16. Calculating Future Value of an Annuity Due by Table Lookup
Step 4. Subtract 1 payment from Step 3.
Step 3. Multiply the payment each period by the table factor.
Step 2. Look up the periods and rate in an ordinary annuity table. The intersection gives the table factor for the future value of $1
Step 1. Calculate the number of periods and rate per period. Add one extra period.

17. Future Value of an Annuity Due
Find the value of an investment after 3 years for a $3,000 annuity due at 8%
N = 3 x 1 = = 4
R = 8%/1 = 8%
x $3,000
$13, $3,000
$10,518.30

18. Figure 13.2 - Present value of an annuity of $1 at 8%
$2.5771
$1.78
$.93
End of period

19. Calculating Present Value of an Ordinary Annuity by Table Lookup
Step 3. Multiply the withdrawal for each period by the table factor. This gives the present value of an ordinary annuity
Present value of = Annuity x Present value of
ordinary annuity pymt. Pymt. ordinary annuity table
Step 2. Look up the periods and rate in an ordinary annuity table. The intersection gives the table factor for the present value of $1
Step 1. Calculate the number of periods and rate per period

20. Table 13.2 - Present Value of an Annuity of $1

21. Present Value of an Annuity
John Fitch wants to receive a $8,000 annuity in 3 years. Interest on the annuity is 8% semiannually. John will make withdrawals at the end of each year. How much must John invest today to receive a stream of payments for 3 years.
Interest ==>
Payment ==>
Interest ==>
Payment ==>
Interest ==>
Payment ==>
N = 3 x 1 = 3
R = 8%/1 = 8%
x $8,000
$20,616.80
End of Year 3 ==>

22. Lump Sums versus Annuities
John Sands made deposits of $200 to Floor Bank, which pays 8% interest compounded annually. After 5 years, John makes no more deposits. What will be the balance in the account 6 years after the last deposit?
N = 6 x 2 = 12
R = 8%/2 = 4%
x $2,401.22
$3,844.35
Future value of a lump sum
N = 5 x 2 = 10
R = 8%/2 = 4%
x $200
$2,401.22
Step 2
Future value of an annuity
Step 1

23. Lump Sums versus Annuities
Mel Rich decided to retire in 8 years to New Mexico. What amount must Mel invest today so he will be able to withdraw $40,000 at the end of each year 25 years after he retires? Assume Mel can invest money at 5% interest compounded annually.
N = 8 x 1 = 8
R = 5%/1 = 5%
.6768 x $563,756
$381,550.06
Present value of a lump sum
Step 2
N = 25 x 1 = 25
R = 5%/1 = 5%
x $40,000
$563,756
Present value of an annuity
Step 1

24. Sinking Funds (Find Periodic Payments)
Bonds
Bonds
Sinking Fund = Future x Sinking Fund
Payment Value Table Factor

25. Table 13.3 - Sinking Fund Table Based on $1

26. Future Value of an annuity table
Sinking Fund
To retire a bond issue, Moore Company needs $60,000 in 18 years from today. The interest rate is 10% compounded annually. What payment must Moore make at the end of each year? Use Table 13.3.
Check
$1,314 x
59,917.35*
N = 18 x 1 = 18
R = 10%/1 = 10%
x $60,000
$1,314
N = 18, R= 10%
Future Value of an annuity table
* Off due to rounding

27. Problem 13-13: Solution: 18 periods + 1 = 19, 5% 30.5389 X $2,000
$61,077.80
$ 2,000.00
$59,077.80

28. Problem 13-17: Solution: 20 periods, 12% (Table 13.1)
$12,500 x = $900,655

29. Problem 13-18: Solution: 10 periods, 11% (Table 13.2)
$15,000 x = $88,338

30. Problem 13-23: Solution: 8% 4 16 periods, = 2%
$900 x = $12,219.93 OR
$900 x = $16,775.28
x (Table 12.3)
$12,219.11
2% 16 periods

31. Problem 13-25: Solution: 20 periods, 2% (Table 13.3)
.0412 x $88,000 = $3, quarterly payment

32. Problem 13-26: Solution: Morton: 5 periods, 8%
x $35,000 = $139, $40,000 = $179,744.50
Flynn: 5 periods, 8%
x $38,000 = $151, $25,000 = $176,722.60
Morton offered a better.

33. Problem 13-27:
Solution:
PV annuity table: 15 periods, 8% x $28,000 = $239,666
PV table: 10 years, 8% x $239,666 = $111,013.29