1. Section 1.1, Slide 1 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Section 8.4, Slide 1 Consumer Mathematics The Mathematics of Everyday Life 8

2. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Section 8.4, Slide 2 Annuities 8.4 Calculate the future value of an ordinary annuity. Perform calculations regarding sinking funds.

3. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 3 Annuities An annuity is an interest-bearing account into which we make a series of payments of the same size. If one payment is made at the end of every compounding period, the annuity is called an ordinary annuity. The future value of an annuity is the amount in the account, including interest, after making all payments.

4. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 4 Annuities Suppose that in January you begin making payments of $100 at the end of each month into an account paying 12% yearly interest compounded monthly. (continued on next slide)

5. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 5 Annuities If we compute how much each deposit contributes to the account and sum these amounts, we will have the value of the annuity on July 1. We may express the value of this annuity as Factoring out 100, we can write this in the form

6. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 6 Example: Show that Solution: Multiply by. Annuities This shows that

7. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 7 Annuities From the previous example, we have Returning to our earlier example, we have and multiplying by $100, we obtain

8. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 8 Annuities

9. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 9 Example: A payment of $50 is made at the end of each month into an account paying a 6% annual interest rate, compounded monthly. How much will be in that account after 3 years? Solution: Annuities We see that R = 50, = and n = (continued on next slide)

10. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 10 Annuities Using the formula for finding the future value of an ordinary annuity, we get

11. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 11 You may want to save regularly to have a fixed amount available in the future. The account that you establish for your deposits is called a sinking fund. Because a sinking fund is a special type of annuity, it is not necessary to find a new formula. We can use the formula for calculating the future value of an ordinary annuity that we have stated earlier. In this case, we will know the value of A and we will want to find R. Sinking Funds

12. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 12 Example: Assume that you wish to save $1,800 in a sinking fund in 2 years. The account pays 6% compounded quarterly and you will also make payments quarterly. What should be your monthly payment? Solution: Recall the formula for finding the future value of an ordinary annuity: (continued on next slide) Sinking Funds

13. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 13 Sinking Funds We see that A = 1,800, = and n =

14. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 14 Example: Suppose you have decided to retire as soon as you have saved $1,000,000. Your plan is to put $200 each month into an ordinary annuity that pays an annual interest rate of 8%. In how many years will you be able to retire? (continued on next slide) Sinking Funds Solution: We see that A = 1,000,000, = and R = 200.

15. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Section 8.4, Slide 15 Sinking Funds We solve this equation for n.