1. How To Read Difficult Texts: Skim, Select, Dissect

2. SKIM

3. Skim: 1. Flip through entire article. Note the Organization Introduction I. Attempts to Control Gangs II. Standards for Determining First Amendment Protection III. Protection for Religious Expression IV. Protection Denied Non-religious Apparel V. Personal Appearance as Constitutionally Protected VI. Discrimination vs. Gang May Violate Equal Protection VII. Gang Insignia as Protected Speech Conclusion

4. How do you note organization if there are no headings?

5. Remember what I told you about thesis statements and organization? 1. Find the thesis statement! Most large papers have an extended organizational part to their thesis or project. → Pay attention to the end of the introduction section. There is usually a paragraph that says “In this paper, I will...” 2. Read the topic sentences. → Pay special attention to transitions that change directions, like: However, Despite, Yet, In other cases, etc. 3. Key Words

6. Skim 2: Find thesis in Introduction and in Conclusion Introduction: Look for Key Phrases:  “This Note will examine...”  This Note will argue...”  “First...Secondly...Third...Finally...” Conclusion: Read topic sentences and all of final  “The courts, therefore, remain divided...”  “The willingness of courts to allow school districts to exercise veto power over what students wear...”  Returns to cases at the beginning: Students are protected by First Amendment- School loses

7. SELECT

8. Select: 1. What is my purpose for using this text? Trying to decide whether or not the banning of Wiccan and Satanic religious practices and symbols is or is not a violation of religious freedom Look for: freedom, Satanism, religion

9. Select: 2. Return to Organization. What sections will help me think about “religious freedom”? I. Attempts to Control Gangs II. Standards for Determining First Amendment Protection III. Protection for Religious Expression IV. Protection Denied Non-religious Apparel V. Personal Appearance as Constitutionally Protected VI. Discrimination vs. Gang May Violate Equal Protection VII. Gang Insignia as Protected Speech

10. I. Attempts to Control Gangs II. Standards for Determining First Amendment Protection III. Protection for Religious Expression IV. Protection Denied Non-religious Apparel V. Personal Appearance as Constitutionally Protected VI. Discrimination vs. Gang May Violate Equal Protection VII. Gang Insignia as Protected Speech

11. While Skimming and Selecting, keep in mind other Key Terms or Key Words... 1. Look for a particular word. For example, pay attention you may want to look for the word “Satanism” 2. Notice words that the writer repeats. Why is that word repeated? Is it relevant to your project?

12. DISSECT

13. Dissect: 1. Revisit the places you selected and read closely II. Standards for Determining First Amendment Protection III. Protection for Religious Expression VI. Discrimination vs. Gang May Violate Equal Protection

14. Dissect: 2. Attempt to answer the following for each section  What is the main point ?  What word/phrase is most important?  How does this information support, question, complicate, expand, dispute your criteria or your argument ?

15. Activity: Individual Take a moment to Skim and Select the section from Ann Koras' “Losing my Religion: Controlling Gang Violence through Limitations on Freedom of Expression” in Boston University Law Review Mark this text up! Underline, star, number, circle, write!!

16. Activity: Group Pick 1-2 places you agree are worthy of “selection.” Read closely and dissect  1. Main point?  2. Words/phrases?  3. Your argument (support, question, complicate, expand, dispute)?

17. So what? The West Memphis Three Although there was no physical evidence, murder weapon, motive, or connection to the victims, the prosecution pathetically resorted to presenting black hair and clothing, heavy metal t-shirts, and Stephen King novels as proof that the boys were sacrificed in a satanic cult ritual. Unfathomably, Echols was sentenced to death, Baldwin received life without parole, and Misskelley got life plus 40 The police and the state managed to convince the media and the juries that "devil worshippers" were responsible, and that... the murders had been a part of a satanic ritual; a human sacrifice in the wooded areas of West Memphis, Arkansas